Critically Discuss Barriers To Creativity And Innovation...

Organizational Change Question #4: Critically discuss barriers to creativity and innovation within your own organization. What organisational change approaches would you recommend to senior management to reduce these barriers and encourage greater, more effective innovation? Introduction Innovation is widely recognized as a key factor in the competitiveness of nations and firms†¦ [and] innovative firms are a perquisite for a dynamic and competitive economy†¦ (Madrid-Guijarro, et al, 2009, p. 465). There are barriers in every organization when it comes to accepting and embracing innovation and change. Depending on the leadership and the innovative capabilities of the organisation, some barriers are easily overcome and others stubbornly refuse to budge from old habits and outdated strategies. But by knowing what the stumbling blocks and barriers are within an organization those dynamic that prevents it from achieving the innovation and ultimately the sustainability that it should embrace an organization staffed with alert, creative and flexible leadership can begin the task of change. Barriers: Strong corporate culture presents resistance to change†¦ In his book on organizational barriers Thao Binh Pham Thi explains that a corporate culture isnt just a workplace staffed with workers who are all paid by the same corporate financial source. A corporate culture is also †¦the set of values, norms and basic assumptions which are understood, shared and fully accepted byShow MoreRelatedStrategic leadership and innovation at Apple Inc.3160 Words   |  13 Pagesstrategy course work Based on case study Strategic leadership and innovation at Apple Inc. Professor: Simon Bach Nielsen Words: 2855 Submitted by, Suman Copenhagen Business School April 2012 Introduction In this case-based report, 2 out of 3 given questions will be chosen to assess and discuss in details from different perspectives in relation to the case study â€Å"Strategic leadership and innovation at Apple Inc.† (De Wit Meyer, 2010, p. 681) (Heracleous, 2010) by usingRead MoreLearning Organizations in Global Environment: Do They Exist?5707 Words   |  23 PagesKorenkova Alexandra Essay on topic: Learning organizations in global environment: do they exist? In todays dynamic and unstable operating conditions of enterprises the ability to innovate is a key factor of survival and success of the organization.  Innovations in this case are understood in a broad sense – it means not only to create and offer a new product, but rather the ability of the organization continually develop creative solutions to problems and challenges.  In this regard, the roleRead MoreLearning Organizations in Global Environment: Do They Exist?5694 Words   |  23 PagesLearning organizations in global environment: do they exist? In todays dynamic and unstable operating conditions of enterprises the ability to innovate is a key factor of survival and success of the organization.  Innovations in this case are understood in a broad sense – it means not only to create and offer a new product, but rather the ability of the organization continually develop creative solutions to problems and challenges.  In this regard, the role of intangible assets of the organization, especiallyRead MoreDeveloping Leadership Skills3684 Words   |  15 PagesLEADERSHIP SKILLS ASSIGNMENT: Introduction: For the purpose of this assignment I shall focus on an issue within my workplace whereby my leadership skills presented as a focus point. My job involves working as a team leader for a busy community nursing service within a well populated urban area. The team comprises of a varied skill mix ranging from band 3 to band 6, some who are relatively new to the environment and others who have many years experience. In recent years there has been a rapid increaseRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1770 Words   |  8 Pagesleader. Furthermore, how the women from the article On the Shoulders of Giants could have been transformational leaders in their own countries. In addition, we will link the above statement to how women are transformational leaders in Fiji. This essay will critically analyses the article in relation to how the early women could have been transformational leaders in their own countries then will mention some of the leaders in Fiji who have b een transformational leaders in Fiji. To begin with, someRead MoreManaging Culturally Diverse3688 Words   |  15 PagesRunning head: Managing Cultural Diversity Managing Culturally Diverse Work Groups within an Organization Natasha Avies Troy State University Dr. Earl Ingram November 28, 2004 Abstract Cultural diversity has become widespread within many organizations today. The work groups in these organizations are increasingly being staffed by culturally diverse employees. The cultural differences exhibited in the groups can enhance or weaken the function of the work group, especially in a predominantlyRead MoreEffect of Teamwork on Employee Performance6031 Words   |  25 Pagesindividuals through collaboration. Employees who are working in teams become the standard for the organization (Alie, Beam Carey, 1998, Journal of Management Education, 707-719.). It is the means of improving man-power utilization and potentially raising performance of the individual. With a support from upper level management, employees work confidently in teams and increase productivity of the organization. In the new business world, managers are assigning more team projects to employees to enableRead MoreThe Role Of Effective Leadership For Driving School Improvements And Meeting The Challenges Of T he 21st Century3256 Words   |  14 Pages With reference to wider reading and your own experience, critically discuss the role of effective leadership in driving school improvements and meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Leadership and management in educational settings are defined in many different ways. The Welsh Government (2012, p12) ‘Excellent leadership in schools should be a priority such as setting high expectations for all learners, creating the right culture for improvement; communicating the vision and success alongRead MoreAnswer Key - Fund. of Management Chpt 1-7 Essay10238 Words   |  41 PagesCHAPTER 1. What is an organization and why are managers important to an organization’s success? Answer – An organization is a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose. All organizations share three common characteristics. 1) Every organization has a purpose and is made up of people who are grouped in some fashion. 2) No purpose or goal can be achieved by itself, therefore organizations have members. 3) All organizations develop a systematic structureRead MoreMarks and Spencer Strategic Develpoment History5913 Words   |  24 Pagesalso discuss that help to strengthened strategic competitive choice of Mark Spencer. Porter (1985) generic strategy framework describes that the traditional business formula of Mark Spencer was partially near to the â€Å"Differentiation† strategic. MS basis of strategy was quality which is the main essence of Porter (1985) generic â€Å"Differentiation strategy. Porter (1985) describes that to pursue â€Å"Differentiation† organization should be customer focus, pursuinge creativity, and innovation and use

Wisdom Essay - 2123 Words

Wisdom Confucius said: The knowing enjoy water, the humane enjoy mountains. The knowing are diligent; the humane are quiet. The knowing are happy, the humane are long-lived.(611) Water is vital to existence and is moving streaming and flowing away from the mountains, across all terrain. Mountains, however majestic, remain stationary forever. To know and to know more one must move and learn. Knowledge also expands appetite for more knowledge therefore the ones who know, will diligently work to know more and to better the world instead of quietly accepting it. Happiness is measured in height, not in length; it is directly related to the degree of personal fulfillment that one is able to reach, which far outweighs the length of†¦show more content†¦(550) As water moves away from the mountains, the prince begins his journey that will ultimately lead him away from the palace and propel him towards discovering the world for himself. With each excursion his curiosity grows and each time be becomes more and more compelled to learn about the real world and to make a difference. The quote states, The knowing are diligent; the humane are quiet.(611) Prince Shakyamuni perfectly mirrors the transition between quietness and diligence as knowledge about the real world penetrates his boundaries: Then the prince returned to the same palace, but so lost in anxiety that is seemed to him empty. But even there he found no relief, as he ever dwelt on the subject of old age; therefore once more with the permission of the king he went out†¦(553) Although the things he learns about the real world do not strike him positively, learning itself inevitably induces a craving to learn more, which, ironically enough diminishes his understanding of the world: Therefore, charioteer, let our chariot be turned back; for it is not the time or place for pleasure-resorts. For how could a man of intelligence be heedless here in the hour of calamity, when once he knows of destruction? (554) Knowing and learning place him in a state of chaos, and only leave him with more questions. He becomes anxious and overwhelmed by the discovery of the real world. He finds the world to be ignorant, insensitive andShow MoreRelatedWisdom Essay4887 Words   |  20 PagesProject Paper: Philosophy amp; Wisdom 1.0 INTRODUCTION Data is not information, Information is not knowledge, Knowledge is not understanding, Understanding is not wisdom. - Clifford Stoll - So what exactly is wisdom? Wisdom comes from the word ‘wise’, which means having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment . Did you know that the human race is also called homo sapien – which originated from Latin, meaning ‘wise’ or ‘knowing man’? This is simply due to the factRead MoreReflecting on Wisdom Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesReflecting On Wisdom Geni Mayes PSY/220 September 2, 2012 Tanya Harrell Reflecting On Wisdom â€Å"Wisdom  is a deep understanding and realization of people, things, events or situations, resulting in the ability to apply perceptions, judgments and actions in keeping with this understanding† (Wikipedia, 2012). Wisdom personifies a particular kind of knowledge, intelligence, and judgment concentrated on the behavior of an honorable life. Wise people have cultured life’s most important teachingsRead MoreThe Moral Benefits Of Wisdom1192 Words   |  5 PagesIn Proverbs 2:1-15 the moral benefits of wisdom is discussed in an organized way -there is a specific order in which we are introduced to God s wisdom. A rythym is detected which start at the prerequisites for receiving wisdom, the results of receiving the wisdom of God, the reason for the order in which wisdom is given and finally, the numerous benefits of receiving the Wisdom of God by His merciful kindness. The Prerequisites: †¢ Accept God s words -in other words to respect His words and notRead MoreThe Wisdom Of Sirach : Wisdom1894 Words   |  8 PagesJames Trease Period 5 December 9, 2016 P1: Bible Project The Wisdom of Sirach: Wisdom for Every Minute of the Day The Book of Sirach is one of seven wisdom books including Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, Wisdom, Song of Songs, and Psalms. The Book of Sirach is referred to by different names. In Greek manuscript it is referred to as â€Å"the Wisdom of Jesus, the son of Sirach† or â€Å"the Wisdom of Sirach†. (â€Å"Ecclesiasticus†, Catholic Encyclopedia) Latin writers refer to it by several other namesRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pages WISDOM, HUMOR, AND FAITH: A HISTORICAL VIEW Walter G. Moss Table of Contents (with links) Walter G. Moss 1 Table of Contents (with links) 1 Wisdom, Perspective, and Values 2 Humor’s Contribution to Wisdom 4 Humor and Wisdom in Europe: Some Highlights 5 Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare 5 Two European Russians: Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Soloviev 9 Reflections on Humor from Nietzsche to the Theatre of the Absurd 12 Humor and Wisdom in the United States: Lincoln, BeecherRead MoreWisdom: A Philosophical Take Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: What is Wisdom? When the question, What is Wisdom? is asked, philosophers always have a view from the question. Each philosopher has their own interpretation of what wisdom is. But, what does wisdom really mean? Is it knowledge, science, or just common sense? I believe it is a mixture of all these things and more. There are many books written on the subject; from the dictionary, which defines it, to the Bible and Socrates. Websters New World Dictionary defines the word wisdom as the qualityRead MoreThe Bible Is The Core Of True Wisdom Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesof true wisdom. Another source is worldly wisdom found in our selfish ambition to succeed in life at all costs in order to achieve our final goals; in this case to conquer happiness. To illustrate worldly wisdom, history speaks of a man who was born on July 356 BC of a royal family. Who looked at closely his life and thought of himself; if only he was the leader of his army he would be happy in life, and he fulfilled his dream; but tha t was not enough. Then he thought of himself; my wisdom, knowledgeRead MoreEssay on Context: Wisdom and Antigone812 Words   |  4 Pages Younger people have tended to look towards the elderly for wisdom and guidance since the beginning of recorded history and beyond. Students to teachers, children to parents, ordinary people to royalty and politicians – generally those who have lived longer are not only believed, but expected to have garnered more knowledge in their longer lives. Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"I do not think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday. Also, in 2008 the Australian newspaper publishedRead MoreWisdom And Knowledge In The Story Of Siddhartha894 Words   |  4 Pagesquench this thirst for knowledge, partly due to the fact that what Siddhartha sought after was wisdom instead. The Terms Wisdom and Knowledge are often used interchangeably within our society without second thought, however at their roots the two words mean two different things. Knowledge is information one can come across through discourse or discussion, it’s importance is nothing to be scoffed at. Wisdom on the other hand is something gained by experience, it is something one learns from the worldRead More Definition Essay - What is Wisdom?579 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Wisdom? If one asks the majority of people what the word wisdom means, most will answer vaguely that it is the knowledge gained during a lifetime. However, wisdom is much more than just knowledge gained; it signifies the accumulation of knowledge, the application of learning, and the personification of Gods will in the creation of the universe (according to the American Heritage Dictionary, 6th ed.). The abstract nature of the word wisdom allows for broad interpretation of

The Conception Of Dreams Is Interesting Because It Helps...

Dreams can occur at anytime of the day. Some people day-dream at school or work while others dream at night. Even if you did not dream last night, you probably have earlier in life or even before reading this sentence. Have you ever had a dream you forgot to print out a worksheet and got in trouble for it at school? Then, you wake up with your heart racing and print out the worksheets before you forget. How are dreams created during sleep? During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the brain gathers images and thoughts to create realistic or imaginative dreams. There has been some debate if these dreams could actually help someone in their life. Whether it helps them just a little or substantially, people can use all the help they can receive.†¦show more content†¦As stress accumulates, depressive moods and thoughts develop day after day which creates an unhealthy atmosphere for anyone. This could lead to negative thoughts and unproductivity of any task at hand. However, one of the solutions discovered to help with the depressing thoughts and moods was through dreaming at night. According a study performed by Rosalind Cartwright, the study showed that 72% of the subjects had less depression after dreaming (Chatterjee). How was this possible? There was a decreased development of depression while moods changed throughout the night. This could be explained by experiencing a pleasant dream which causes a release of pleasure neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine. Pleasant dreams could be anything from superpowers related to even sexual. Another interesting thing about dreams, it can help someone find a problem that is bothering them through nightmares or dream adventures. Therefore, â€Å"an explication of a dream can lead to understanding personality dynamics and promote behavioral change† (Merced 183). Dreams could point out personality dynamics that need changing following a traumatic experience. People’s personality changes with ever y experience that occurs to them; therefore, it is possible to be happy one day then sad another day. Dreams can lead the dreamer to the problem and help get them mentally back on track. With dreams mentally being able to help,Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Joy of Intolerance4723 Words   |  19 Pagestheories which, by analyzing the psyches of humans as individuals and of societies, explain why intolerance, destruction and aggressiveness control our actions so frequently. Therefore, in spite of positive intentions inherent in every person who dreams about being the best and living as decently as possible, an honest picture of our time evokes a rather pessimistic disposition. Although a lot has been done to implement a principle of ethical minimalism in society, at the same time there is alsoRead More The End of the World Essay3567 Words   |  15 Pagesto biologial missing links (The Creature from the Black Lagoon, 1954), to the bizarre side-effects of nuclear contamination (The In credible Shrinking Man, 1957), or to actual nuclear war (The World, the Flesh and The Devil, 1959). Another interesting example of this last category is Stanley Kramers On the Beach, released in the last month of a decade which would be remembered for its omnipresent bomb culture. As the turn of the decade approached, some changes were apparent. At the same timeRead More The Sound and the Fury Essay6993 Words   |  28 Pagescritics impregnated with Faulkner’s fantastic stylistic devices, have given birth to marvelous criticism focusing on: Benjy’s sporadic image recollection; Quentin’s habit of mixing images of Caddy in with his dillusionary sense of reality and the subconscious; and Jason’s deranged hatred of everything relating to Caddy, constantly touched off by slight reminders of the past. Style coincides with Faulkner’s use of time and chronology, another area focused on by critics. Chronology in The Sound andRead MoreThe Genre of Stokers Dracula Essay6296 Words   |  26 Pages mediaeval, romantic as opposed to classical; it is a synonym for barbarous, rude, savage; it is used for some kind of written character resembling black letter; a style of architecture2. Knowing now the etymology of the word, let us examine what the experts say about the gothic novel. In the Glossary of Literary Terms M. H. Abrams defines the genre as a type of fiction which was introduced by Horace Walpoleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s Castle of Otranto, a Gothic Story (1764), which flourishedRead More Sons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrence Essays6130 Words   |  25 Pageswere initially attracted to each other because they were so different. He is working-class, sensual, nonintellectual, and fairly irresponsible. His wife is middle-class, pious, intellectual, and eminently reliable. The passion that held them together in the first glowing months of their marriage cannot survive their social and moral differences. When Paul is born, Mrs. Morel is determined to make him feel loved, to compensate for his unwanted conception. Paul is a feeble, oversensitive childRead MoreRole of education in personality development13618 Words   |  55 Pagestime to think for us all that is that guy an educated person or are we kidding ourselves in involving ourselves in such pitiful acts that we don t know what is the purpose of education. So don t you think that we should redefine education and add that education is the process in which one not only learns how to develop his traits but also know how one can achieve success in life by building his personality in such a way that one knows that yes this is an educated person why? because he is differentRead MoreEssay on Mintzberg 5 Ps of Strategy9155 Words   |  37 Pagesmanagement cannot afford to rely on a single definition of strategy, indeed the word has long been used implicitly in different ways even if it has traditionally been defined formally in only one. Explicit recognition of multiple definitions can help practitioners and researchers alike to maneuver through this difficult field. Accordingly, this article presents five definitions of strategy-as plan, ploy, pattern, position, and perspective-and considers some of their interrelationships. ToRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesdedicate this book to such people who are more interested in open fields than closed cages. CONTENTS Embarkation 1 And Over Here, Ladies and Gentlemen: The Strategic Management Beast 2 The Design School Strategy Formation as a Process of Conception 3 The Planning School Strategy Formation as a Formal Process 4 The Positioning School Strategy Formation as an Analytical Process ix 1 23 47 81 5 The Entrepreneurial School Strategy Formation as a Visionary Process 123 6 Read MoreMarriage Guidance: Summary Notes19959 Words   |  80 Pagessupport (relationship based on synergy achieved by the couple complementing each other’s strengths and weaknesses) 6. The couple relationship requires that each party respect the other’s identity and individuality â€Å"I† meets â€Å"you†. We share and become â€Å"us† but remain individuals with a common bond. Couple formation → A couple is formed when an invisible, psychological boundary is erected around the two individual involved, making them a one symbiotic unit. Page 4 of 57 Marriage Guidance – Summary Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pageslarge syntagmatic category (la grande syntagmatique—Metz s own term) is the organization of the major actual relationships among units of relation in a given semiological system (these relations may be potential ones, but they are not paradigmatic, because they are actualized in analysis). The work of the contemporary French linguist Andrà © Martinet provides the author with more methodological concepts (see Elements of General Linguistics, translated by Elizabeth Palmer. London: Faber Faber, 1960;

Tanglewood Case 2 Free Essays

Table 1. 1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrixCurrent year (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Exit Previous year(1) Store associate0. 530. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanglewood Case 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 060. 000. 000. 000. 41 (2) Shift leader0. 000. 500. 160. 000. 000. 34 (3) Department manager0. 000. 000. 580. 120. 000. 30 (4) Assistant store manager0. 000. 000. 060. 460. 080. 40 (5) Store manager0. 000. 000. 000. 000. 660. 34 Forecast of availabilitiesNext year (projected) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Exit Current Workforce Previous year(1) Store associate8,50045055100003485 (2) Shift leader1,20006001920. 00. 0408 (3) Department manager85000. 04931020. 0255 4) Assistant store manager15000. 09691260 (5) Store manager5000. 00. 00. 03317 Gap analysisNext year (projected) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) Year end total (column sum)4505111069417145 External hires needed (current workforce-total)399590156 215 Environmental Scan Based on the environmental scan, it has been concluded that Tanglewood may have a hard time filling their vacancies in the future. Even though the unemployment rate in the area is high, recent forecasts suggest that expansion in the professional and managerial sectors of the labor market may reduce the number of individuals available for these jobs. Since Tanglewood only promotes from within, the entry level position of store associates does not appeal to many applicants. College graduates with management degrees are hesitant to start at a low position and work their way up. Many want the managerial position without putting in the work. Action Plan Based on Table 1. 1, it is forecasted that Tanglewood will need to hire over 4,200 employees. Since Tanglewood has a policy of promoting internally, most of the positions that will be filled will be store associates. It is believed that Tanglewood will need 3,995 store associates, 90 shift leaders, 156 department managers, 21 assistant store managers, and 5 store managers. In order to meet Tanglewood’s needs, here is the plan of action: -Tanglewood will hire 3,995 employees to fill store associate positions. Even though this is an entry level position, we will try to make it as appealing to applicants as we can. It is perceived that entry level sales positions are long hours, low pay, and frequent conflict with lower-level employees. These perceptions are partially correct, but we can appeal to applicants by giving them information about the Tanglewood operational plan. Tanglewood believes that it is very important to have complete employee involvement. Employees are involved with formulating methods for running their departments, as well having profit-share benefits, and weekly meetings allow all employees to voice their opinions. The management positions will be filled by experienced associates and other lower management employees. Based on Table 1. Comparing Incumbency to Availability and Annual Placement Goals, in each section (store associates, shift leaders and department managers) there is a goal for either minorities or females. No particular segment has a fulfillment of both females and minorities. This pattern suggests that possible each department focuses on one or the other, but not both. Once they have reached their current goal, they should work hard to maintain that goal. Based on the analysis and affirmative action plan, I think that Tanglewood should adjust their recruiting and promotion practices. It has been well known that Tanglewood promotes from within. What will they do if a majority of the minorities do not continue working for Tanglewood as a sales associate? Due to their policy, higher management positions will not be likely to be filled by minorities if there are a small amount of minorities to choose from. Tanglewood needs to not only meet the minimum goal when hiring minorities and woman, but exceed that goal. Their policy of internal promotions can be a problem when dealing with minorities because of the reason recently discussed. There are many advantages of internal promotions, such as employee knowledge of Tanglewood. How to cite Tanglewood Case 2, Papers Tanglewood Case 2 Free Essays Question 1 Table 1. 1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrix| Current year| | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| Exit| Previous year| (1) Store associate| 0. 53| 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanglewood Case 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 06| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 41| | (2) Shift leader| 0. 00| 0. 50| 0. 16| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 34| | (3) Department manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 58| 0. 12| 0. 00| 0. 30| | (4) Assistant store manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 06| 0. 46| 0. 08| 0. 40| | (5) Store manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 6| 0. 34| | | Forecast of availabilities| Next year (projected)| | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| Exit| | | Current Workforce| | | | | | | Previous year| (1) Store associate| 8,500| 4505| 510| 0| 0| 0| 3485| | (2) Shift leader| 1,200| 0| 600| 192| 0| 0| 408| | (3) Department manager| 850| 0| 0| 493| 102| 0| 255| | (4) Assistant store manager| 150| 0| 0| 9| 69| 12| 60| | (5) Store manager| 50| 0| 0| 0| 0| 33| 17| | | | | | | | | Gap analysis| Next year (projected)| | | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| | Year end total(column sum)| 4505| 1110| 685| 171| 45| | External hires needed (current workforce-total)| 3995| 408| 391| 48| 33| Environmental Scan Based on the environmental data, some factors that suggest Tanglewoo d might have difficulty filling positions is based on retail work is not desirable to recent college graduates. Tanglewood would like to hire those that can start lower at shift level and move up the chain and have college background. However retail is not the more desirable market since it has long hours, low pay, and conflict with lower-level employees. Developing a plan of action takes careful planning. Tanglewood has to look at the percentage of employees needed each year for each position. During the first two years, store associates will be needed mainly with 50% increase of shift leaders during year two. Tanglewood wants to make sure there is a long term relationship with the employees, allowing them to grow within the company. Hiring and promoting from within helps with filling in gaps. The other way is hiring temporary employees. Question 2 The only one I can tell that is out of line is the minority availability for store associates. The incumbency percent is below 80% and they have no goal set. This pattern shows that they are not hiring minorities giving them a chance to grow within the company. This means that minority shift leaders and managers will be extremely low. How to cite Tanglewood Case 2, Papers

Various Tenets Of The Accounting Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Various Tenets Of The Accounting. Answer: Introduction The present study focuses on the various tenets of the accounting standards, which are published by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (IASB). For instance, it is determined that in what manner the use of fair-value ofaccounting had led to the issue of global financial crisis (GFC) and the manner in which the intervention of the IASB can resolve the issue. It has been discussed in the study various ways through which the accounting standards of the IASB had to be modified due to the GFC. It is also determined that in what ways AASB can use the IASB standards. Accounting standards are depicted to have an impact on the global financial crisis that occurred during the year 2008. More precisely, it can be stated that the crisis mostly happened due to the use of fair-value accounting. Fair value accounting refers to the approach that involves timely revaluation of the values pertaining to assets and liabilities. It enables to explore the actual value of the assets and liabilities at the market price. For this reason, the method is also termed as market-to-market accounting. The supporters of fair value accounting thus argued, that the method enables to get insights regarding the present situation that prevails in the market (Financial Times, n.d.; Tab?r? Rusu, 2011). On the contrary, the opponents of the theory clearly explain that fair value accounting made the investors to consider inappropriate market value of the securities. This created economic turbulences such as bankruptcy that raised the issue of for the banking sector. This is due to the fact that various types of securities were present in the market were valued at an inappropriate manner due to which the investor was unable to get proper return on their investments. Low return reduced the ability of the investors to repay back their debts, as they had low income. Such instances raised the amount of bad debts of the banks (Small, 2012). The problem with fair value accounting is that during economic upswings, the tendency of the firms to adopt debt was considered as a major form of financing. Such situations can lead to losses, when the economy is in boom situations. Prices of financial assets during the crisis were mostly done with the help of fair-value accounting, as depicted from the excessive reliance on market values (Laux Leuz, 2010). Banks at the time of financial crisis had to write the value of assets at a lower price due to the prevailing situations. For mitigating away the losses, the banks had to sell their assets at low prices for surviving the issue of financial crisis. Such sale of financial assets at a significant low price is termed as asset fire. Furthermore, it was observed that the sale of assets became a source of earning revenue for the banks. It means that asset fire sale became a common phenomenon in the banking sector that further triggered the issue of economic crisis. Collapse of the Lehm an Brothers can be regarded as a standing, which was mostly due to the limitations of fair value accounting (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2017). The IASB has played a crucial role during the event of economic crisis. It is however noted, that the board made it necessary to mark up the financial assets at the prevailing market price, which prevailed at that time (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2017). Pertaining to cope up with the situation, the IASB issued a new standard known as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9. This is supposed to resolve the issues that were prevalent during the economic crisis. As per IFRS, it was necessary for the business houses to record the financial losses on a timely basis, which is often observed s in case of credit. The absence of such timely recording of financial assets is responsible for triggering the financial crisis of 2008. IFRS 9 makes it necessary for the organizations to estimate all the credit losses that can arise at the time, when financial instruments such as stocks or bonds are purchased. The standard also makes it essential for the organizations to disclose th e initiatives taken for mitigating away the risks. This is especially important for the investors (PwC, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). The standard is depicted to reduce the chances of financial crisis that prevailed in 2008. This is due to the fact that it is mentioned that the fair value of assets needs to be calculated using the profits and losses that occur at a particular period. Additionally, making estimation of the losses at a predefined manner is also supposed to reduce the chances of suffering from inappropriate income pertaining to credit risks. Thus, it can be stated that the business environment of Australia is supposed to get rid economic issues after such action of the IASB to the accounting standards (European Systematic Risk Board, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). However, it requires proper monitoring by the regulatory bodies, so that IFRS 9 is properly followed in the Australian context. As an amendment to IAS 39, the IASB passed another accounting standard known as IFRS 13. It infact mentions about a more precise and modern way of assessing fair value. As per IAS 39, the value of asset is determined by the existing market forces that operate at a particular time. In the same manner, IFRS 13 also mentions the need for determining the market value of an asset based on the price agreed between the parties involved in transaction. Additionally, IFRS 13 makes it mandatory to consider the credit risks, which is involved while calculating the value of the assets. It enlarges the chances of exploring the actual value of the assets after calculating the bad debts, which can arise when a party is involved in entering into the business transactions. Thus, it is important for the seller or a buyer to consider his/her credit risk during the assessment of valuing the assets (Deloitte Touche, 2013). The global financial crisis is mostly depicted to be caused due to the flaws that were present in IAS 39 standard. It was not needed by the financial entities to recognize the value of assets and liabilities as per the income statements. Thus, it is depicted that IAS 39 made it necessary to calculate fair value based on the situation. Low estimation of the assets based on market situation is observed to enhance the issue of solvency. As an amendment to this, IFRS 9 makes it important to consider the value of assets based on profit and loss statement. This is supposed to reduce the chances of losses that are caused due to inappropriate calculation of the asset values. As per the standard, it was not necessary for the business entities to disclose the initiatives taken to mitigate away the risks pertaining to credit. Thus, it made the investors unaware of the risks that were associated with investing in the securities of a particular entity. Therefore, it is necessary to mention about investment strategy of the business entities in the financial accounts. The replacement of IAS 39 by IFRS 9 is supposed to take place on first of January, 2018 (European Systematic Risk Board, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2018). The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is observed to be cautious about the global financial crisis that took place in the year 2008. It resorted to revise the proposals of accounting standards that were previously maintained by the board. AASB made changes on the reporting of leasing, revenue recognition and insurance that were used by the business entities. It is also observed AASB has followed a proper mechanism to adhere to the standards mentioned by IFRS. It has tracked the amendments made by the IFRS on the aspects of leasing (Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2010). The IFRS 13 standards, which have been adopted by IASB, are applicable to Australia. AASB mentions about the fact that aligning with IFRS 13, it is important to take into account the costs of freight while calculating the value of an asset. Thus, adoption of IFRS 13 can be regarded as an initiative to bring convergence between IASB and AASB (EY, 2012). AASB has also proposed usage of the IFRS 9 perta ining to determination of fair values during the preparation of financial statements. The adoptions of standards, which are prescribed by IFRS, are useful for the analysts and researchers. This is because relevant information gets disclosed in the financial statements (Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017a; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). Conclusion The above discussion clearly reveals that the global financial crisis, which occurred in the recent year of 2008, was primarily due to the prevalence of fair accounting theory. It reflects the need of considering the value of an asset or liability at the prevailing market price. Thus, problem is that at certain times, the value can be inappropriate due to use of fair value accounting. It is observed that during the global financial crisis, the banks had to face the issue off solvency as assets were valued at low rate by means of fair value theory. The standards IFRS 13 and IFRS 9 provide solution to the issue of financial crisis. References Australian Accounting Standards Board. (2010). Australian accounting standards board, 2010. File, 1-134. Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2017). IFRS 9 financial instruments. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/international/ifrs-en-us/ifrs9 Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2017 a). Research into the impact of IFRS adoption in Australia. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en/news/2016/03/aasb Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2018). IFRS 9 financial instruments. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/international/ifrs-en-us/ifrs9 Deloitte Touche. (2013). Fair value measurement of financial instruments under IFRS 13. IASB, 1-8. European Systematic Risk Board. (2017). Financial stability implications of IFRS 9. Pub, 1-83.(2012). Fair value measurement. Publications, 1-197. Financial Times. (n.d.). Definition of fair value accounting. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=fair-value-accounting Laux, C. Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(1), 93-118. PwC. (2017). Practical guide general hedge accounting. Practical Guide, 1-28. Small, C. (2012). The role of accounting in the financial crisis. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2012/03/02/the-role-of-accounting-in-the-financial-crisis/ Tabara, N. Rusu, A. (2011). The role of accounting in the global financial crisis. Assumptions and realities. EuroEconomica, 30(3), 1-7. The Economist Newspaper Limited 2017, Alls fair. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.economist.com/node/12274096

Racially Biased Pretextual Traffic Stops Essays - Law Enforcement

Racially Biased Pretextual Traffic Stops The interviews excerpted here show that racially biased pretextual traffic stops have a strong and immediate impact on the individual African-American drivers involved. These stops are not the minor inconveniences they might seem to those who are not subjected to them. Rather, they are experiences that can wound the soul and cause psychological scar tissue to form. And the statistics show that these experiences are not simply disconnected anecdotes or exaggerated versions of personal experiences, but rather established and persistent patterns of law enforcement conduct. It may be that these stops do not spring from racism on the part of individual officers, or even from the official policies of the police departments for which they work. Nevertheless, the statistics leave little doubt that, whatever the source of this conduct by police, it has a disparate and degrading impact on blacks. But racial profiling is important not only because of the damage it does, but also because of the connections between stops of minority drivers and other, larger issues of criminal justice and race. Put another way, driving while black reflects, illustrates, and aggravates some of the most important problems we face today when we debate issues involving race, the police, the courts, punishment, crime control, criminal justice, and constitutional law. A. The Impact on the Innocent The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures, and specifies some of the requirements to be met in order to procure a warrant for a search. Since 1961--and earlier in the federal court system--the Supreme Court has required the exclusion of any evidence obtained through an unconstitutional search or seizure. From its inception, the exclusionary rule has inspired spirited criticism. Cardozo himself said that the criminal is to go free because the constable has blundered, capturing the idea that the bad guy, caught red handed, gets a tremendous windfall when he escapes punishment because of a mistake in the police officer's behavior. We need not even go all the way back to Cardozo to hear the argument that the exclusion of evidence protects--and rewards--only the guilty. The justification advanced for the exclusionary rule is that while the guilty may receive the most direct benefit when a court suppresses evidence because of a constitutional violation, the innocent--all the rest of us--are also better off. The right to be free from illegal searches and seizures belongs not just to the guilty, but to everyone. The guilty parties who bring motions to suppress are simply the most convenient vehicles for vindicating these rights, because they will have the incentive--escaping conviction--to litigate the issues. In so doing, the argument goes, the rights of all are vindicated, and police are deterred from violating constitutional rules on pain of failing to convict the guilty. One problem with this argument is that it takes imagination: the beneficiaries of suppressed evidence other than the guilty who escape punishment are ephemeral and amorphous. They are everybody--all of us. And if they are everybody, they quickly become nobody, because law-abiding, taxpaying citizens are unlikely to view ourselves as needing these constitutional protections. After all, we obey the law; we do not commit crimes. We can do without these protections--or so we think. It is not my intention here to recapitulate every argument for and against the exclusionary rule. Rather, I wish to point out a major difference between the usual Fourth Amendment cases and the most common driving while black cases. While police catch some criminals through the use of pretext stops, far more innocent people are likely to be affected by these practices than criminals. Indeed, the black community as a whole undoubtedly needs the protection of the police more than other segments of society because African- Americans are more likely than others to be victims of crime. Ironically, it is members of that same community who are likely to feel the consequences of pretextual stops and be treated like criminals. It is the reverse of the usual Fourth Amendment case, in that there is nothing ghostlike or indefinite about those whose rights would be vindicated by addressing these police practices. On the contrary, the victims are easy to identify because they are the great majority of black people who are subjected to these humiliating and difficult experiences but who have done absolutely nothing to deserve this treatment--except to resemble, in a literally skin-deep way, a small group of criminals. While whites who have done nothing wrong generally have little need to fear constitutional violations by the police, this is decidedly

Around the World essays

Around the World essays Africa is a very deserted continent. It has mostly third-world countries and is very under-developed. Deserts cover a large area of the terrain. There are not many large cities and societies compared to other continents such as Europe and North America. Small tribes, however, are very common and follow the same customs and traditions for centuries. Many scientists believe the worlds population originated in Africa Antarctica is almost entirely uninhabited because of the harsh climate. The entire land is covered by ice because it is located at the South Pole. The only animals that live there must adapt to the extreme cold weather by having thick fur coats. There are many mountain ranges. The largest continent on the planet is Asia. It contains China, which is the largest populated country. However, many parts of Asia are unoccupied because of the rocky mountain terrain. The societies range from very low class countries to high-tech corporate cities. Australia is the only continent besides Antarctica to have one country. It is an island located in the Pacific Ocean. It has a very tropical region. It is very hot atmospheric conditions. Kangaroos are very common in Australia. Their society has a strong, peaceful government and is generally upper class. Europe has more countries than any other continent. Most of the countries are extremely small compared to the United States and China. However, they have many upper class countries such as France, England, and Spain. The terrain is made up of many forested areas, except the cities. North America is probably the most powerful continent in the world because it contains the United States of America, but also has Mexico, Canada, and many smaller countries in Central America. North America has many mountain ranges, lakes, and deserts. However, most of the land is populated by large cities because most of the countries are wealthy. There arent any particularly signif ...