The Conception Of Dreams Is Interesting Because It Helps...

Dreams can occur at anytime of the day. Some people day-dream at school or work while others dream at night. Even if you did not dream last night, you probably have earlier in life or even before reading this sentence. Have you ever had a dream you forgot to print out a worksheet and got in trouble for it at school? Then, you wake up with your heart racing and print out the worksheets before you forget. How are dreams created during sleep? During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the brain gathers images and thoughts to create realistic or imaginative dreams. There has been some debate if these dreams could actually help someone in their life. Whether it helps them just a little or substantially, people can use all the help they can receive.†¦show more content†¦As stress accumulates, depressive moods and thoughts develop day after day which creates an unhealthy atmosphere for anyone. This could lead to negative thoughts and unproductivity of any task at hand. However, one of the solutions discovered to help with the depressing thoughts and moods was through dreaming at night. According a study performed by Rosalind Cartwright, the study showed that 72% of the subjects had less depression after dreaming (Chatterjee). How was this possible? There was a decreased development of depression while moods changed throughout the night. This could be explained by experiencing a pleasant dream which causes a release of pleasure neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine. Pleasant dreams could be anything from superpowers related to even sexual. Another interesting thing about dreams, it can help someone find a problem that is bothering them through nightmares or dream adventures. Therefore, â€Å"an explication of a dream can lead to understanding personality dynamics and promote behavioral change† (Merced 183). Dreams could point out personality dynamics that need changing following a traumatic experience. 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Tanglewood Case 2 Free Essays

Table 1. 1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrixCurrent year (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Exit Previous year(1) Store associate0. 530. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanglewood Case 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 060. 000. 000. 000. 41 (2) Shift leader0. 000. 500. 160. 000. 000. 34 (3) Department manager0. 000. 000. 580. 120. 000. 30 (4) Assistant store manager0. 000. 000. 060. 460. 080. 40 (5) Store manager0. 000. 000. 000. 000. 660. 34 Forecast of availabilitiesNext year (projected) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Exit Current Workforce Previous year(1) Store associate8,50045055100003485 (2) Shift leader1,20006001920. 00. 0408 (3) Department manager85000. 04931020. 0255 4) Assistant store manager15000. 09691260 (5) Store manager5000. 00. 00. 03317 Gap analysisNext year (projected) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) Year end total (column sum)4505111069417145 External hires needed (current workforce-total)399590156 215 Environmental Scan Based on the environmental scan, it has been concluded that Tanglewood may have a hard time filling their vacancies in the future. Even though the unemployment rate in the area is high, recent forecasts suggest that expansion in the professional and managerial sectors of the labor market may reduce the number of individuals available for these jobs. Since Tanglewood only promotes from within, the entry level position of store associates does not appeal to many applicants. College graduates with management degrees are hesitant to start at a low position and work their way up. Many want the managerial position without putting in the work. Action Plan Based on Table 1. 1, it is forecasted that Tanglewood will need to hire over 4,200 employees. Since Tanglewood has a policy of promoting internally, most of the positions that will be filled will be store associates. It is believed that Tanglewood will need 3,995 store associates, 90 shift leaders, 156 department managers, 21 assistant store managers, and 5 store managers. In order to meet Tanglewood’s needs, here is the plan of action: -Tanglewood will hire 3,995 employees to fill store associate positions. Even though this is an entry level position, we will try to make it as appealing to applicants as we can. It is perceived that entry level sales positions are long hours, low pay, and frequent conflict with lower-level employees. These perceptions are partially correct, but we can appeal to applicants by giving them information about the Tanglewood operational plan. Tanglewood believes that it is very important to have complete employee involvement. Employees are involved with formulating methods for running their departments, as well having profit-share benefits, and weekly meetings allow all employees to voice their opinions. The management positions will be filled by experienced associates and other lower management employees. Based on Table 1. Comparing Incumbency to Availability and Annual Placement Goals, in each section (store associates, shift leaders and department managers) there is a goal for either minorities or females. No particular segment has a fulfillment of both females and minorities. This pattern suggests that possible each department focuses on one or the other, but not both. Once they have reached their current goal, they should work hard to maintain that goal. Based on the analysis and affirmative action plan, I think that Tanglewood should adjust their recruiting and promotion practices. It has been well known that Tanglewood promotes from within. What will they do if a majority of the minorities do not continue working for Tanglewood as a sales associate? Due to their policy, higher management positions will not be likely to be filled by minorities if there are a small amount of minorities to choose from. Tanglewood needs to not only meet the minimum goal when hiring minorities and woman, but exceed that goal. Their policy of internal promotions can be a problem when dealing with minorities because of the reason recently discussed. There are many advantages of internal promotions, such as employee knowledge of Tanglewood. How to cite Tanglewood Case 2, Papers Tanglewood Case 2 Free Essays Question 1 Table 1. 1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrix| Current year| | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| Exit| Previous year| (1) Store associate| 0. 53| 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanglewood Case 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 06| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 41| | (2) Shift leader| 0. 00| 0. 50| 0. 16| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 34| | (3) Department manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 58| 0. 12| 0. 00| 0. 30| | (4) Assistant store manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 06| 0. 46| 0. 08| 0. 40| | (5) Store manager| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 6| 0. 34| | | Forecast of availabilities| Next year (projected)| | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| Exit| | | Current Workforce| | | | | | | Previous year| (1) Store associate| 8,500| 4505| 510| 0| 0| 0| 3485| | (2) Shift leader| 1,200| 0| 600| 192| 0| 0| 408| | (3) Department manager| 850| 0| 0| 493| 102| 0| 255| | (4) Assistant store manager| 150| 0| 0| 9| 69| 12| 60| | (5) Store manager| 50| 0| 0| 0| 0| 33| 17| | | | | | | | | Gap analysis| Next year (projected)| | | (1)| (2)| (3)| (4)| (5)| | Year end total(column sum)| 4505| 1110| 685| 171| 45| | External hires needed (current workforce-total)| 3995| 408| 391| 48| 33| Environmental Scan Based on the environmental data, some factors that suggest Tanglewoo d might have difficulty filling positions is based on retail work is not desirable to recent college graduates. Tanglewood would like to hire those that can start lower at shift level and move up the chain and have college background. However retail is not the more desirable market since it has long hours, low pay, and conflict with lower-level employees. Developing a plan of action takes careful planning. Tanglewood has to look at the percentage of employees needed each year for each position. During the first two years, store associates will be needed mainly with 50% increase of shift leaders during year two. Tanglewood wants to make sure there is a long term relationship with the employees, allowing them to grow within the company. Hiring and promoting from within helps with filling in gaps. The other way is hiring temporary employees. Question 2 The only one I can tell that is out of line is the minority availability for store associates. The incumbency percent is below 80% and they have no goal set. This pattern shows that they are not hiring minorities giving them a chance to grow within the company. This means that minority shift leaders and managers will be extremely low. How to cite Tanglewood Case 2, Papers

Various Tenets Of The Accounting Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Various Tenets Of The Accounting. Answer: Introduction The present study focuses on the various tenets of the accounting standards, which are published by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (IASB). For instance, it is determined that in what manner the use of fair-value ofaccounting had led to the issue of global financial crisis (GFC) and the manner in which the intervention of the IASB can resolve the issue. It has been discussed in the study various ways through which the accounting standards of the IASB had to be modified due to the GFC. It is also determined that in what ways AASB can use the IASB standards. Accounting standards are depicted to have an impact on the global financial crisis that occurred during the year 2008. More precisely, it can be stated that the crisis mostly happened due to the use of fair-value accounting. Fair value accounting refers to the approach that involves timely revaluation of the values pertaining to assets and liabilities. It enables to explore the actual value of the assets and liabilities at the market price. For this reason, the method is also termed as market-to-market accounting. The supporters of fair value accounting thus argued, that the method enables to get insights regarding the present situation that prevails in the market (Financial Times, n.d.; Tab?r? Rusu, 2011). On the contrary, the opponents of the theory clearly explain that fair value accounting made the investors to consider inappropriate market value of the securities. This created economic turbulences such as bankruptcy that raised the issue of for the banking sector. This is due to the fact that various types of securities were present in the market were valued at an inappropriate manner due to which the investor was unable to get proper return on their investments. Low return reduced the ability of the investors to repay back their debts, as they had low income. Such instances raised the amount of bad debts of the banks (Small, 2012). The problem with fair value accounting is that during economic upswings, the tendency of the firms to adopt debt was considered as a major form of financing. Such situations can lead to losses, when the economy is in boom situations. Prices of financial assets during the crisis were mostly done with the help of fair-value accounting, as depicted from the excessive reliance on market values (Laux Leuz, 2010). Banks at the time of financial crisis had to write the value of assets at a lower price due to the prevailing situations. For mitigating away the losses, the banks had to sell their assets at low prices for surviving the issue of financial crisis. Such sale of financial assets at a significant low price is termed as asset fire. Furthermore, it was observed that the sale of assets became a source of earning revenue for the banks. It means that asset fire sale became a common phenomenon in the banking sector that further triggered the issue of economic crisis. Collapse of the Lehm an Brothers can be regarded as a standing, which was mostly due to the limitations of fair value accounting (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2017). The IASB has played a crucial role during the event of economic crisis. It is however noted, that the board made it necessary to mark up the financial assets at the prevailing market price, which prevailed at that time (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2017). Pertaining to cope up with the situation, the IASB issued a new standard known as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9. This is supposed to resolve the issues that were prevalent during the economic crisis. As per IFRS, it was necessary for the business houses to record the financial losses on a timely basis, which is often observed s in case of credit. The absence of such timely recording of financial assets is responsible for triggering the financial crisis of 2008. IFRS 9 makes it necessary for the organizations to estimate all the credit losses that can arise at the time, when financial instruments such as stocks or bonds are purchased. The standard also makes it essential for the organizations to disclose th e initiatives taken for mitigating away the risks. This is especially important for the investors (PwC, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). The standard is depicted to reduce the chances of financial crisis that prevailed in 2008. This is due to the fact that it is mentioned that the fair value of assets needs to be calculated using the profits and losses that occur at a particular period. Additionally, making estimation of the losses at a predefined manner is also supposed to reduce the chances of suffering from inappropriate income pertaining to credit risks. Thus, it can be stated that the business environment of Australia is supposed to get rid economic issues after such action of the IASB to the accounting standards (European Systematic Risk Board, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). However, it requires proper monitoring by the regulatory bodies, so that IFRS 9 is properly followed in the Australian context. As an amendment to IAS 39, the IASB passed another accounting standard known as IFRS 13. It infact mentions about a more precise and modern way of assessing fair value. As per IAS 39, the value of asset is determined by the existing market forces that operate at a particular time. In the same manner, IFRS 13 also mentions the need for determining the market value of an asset based on the price agreed between the parties involved in transaction. Additionally, IFRS 13 makes it mandatory to consider the credit risks, which is involved while calculating the value of the assets. It enlarges the chances of exploring the actual value of the assets after calculating the bad debts, which can arise when a party is involved in entering into the business transactions. Thus, it is important for the seller or a buyer to consider his/her credit risk during the assessment of valuing the assets (Deloitte Touche, 2013). The global financial crisis is mostly depicted to be caused due to the flaws that were present in IAS 39 standard. It was not needed by the financial entities to recognize the value of assets and liabilities as per the income statements. Thus, it is depicted that IAS 39 made it necessary to calculate fair value based on the situation. Low estimation of the assets based on market situation is observed to enhance the issue of solvency. As an amendment to this, IFRS 9 makes it important to consider the value of assets based on profit and loss statement. This is supposed to reduce the chances of losses that are caused due to inappropriate calculation of the asset values. As per the standard, it was not necessary for the business entities to disclose the initiatives taken to mitigate away the risks pertaining to credit. Thus, it made the investors unaware of the risks that were associated with investing in the securities of a particular entity. Therefore, it is necessary to mention about investment strategy of the business entities in the financial accounts. The replacement of IAS 39 by IFRS 9 is supposed to take place on first of January, 2018 (European Systematic Risk Board, 2017; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2018). The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is observed to be cautious about the global financial crisis that took place in the year 2008. It resorted to revise the proposals of accounting standards that were previously maintained by the board. AASB made changes on the reporting of leasing, revenue recognition and insurance that were used by the business entities. It is also observed AASB has followed a proper mechanism to adhere to the standards mentioned by IFRS. It has tracked the amendments made by the IFRS on the aspects of leasing (Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2010). The IFRS 13 standards, which have been adopted by IASB, are applicable to Australia. AASB mentions about the fact that aligning with IFRS 13, it is important to take into account the costs of freight while calculating the value of an asset. Thus, adoption of IFRS 13 can be regarded as an initiative to bring convergence between IASB and AASB (EY, 2012). AASB has also proposed usage of the IFRS 9 perta ining to determination of fair values during the preparation of financial statements. The adoptions of standards, which are prescribed by IFRS, are useful for the analysts and researchers. This is because relevant information gets disclosed in the financial statements (Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017a; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017). Conclusion The above discussion clearly reveals that the global financial crisis, which occurred in the recent year of 2008, was primarily due to the prevalence of fair accounting theory. It reflects the need of considering the value of an asset or liability at the prevailing market price. Thus, problem is that at certain times, the value can be inappropriate due to use of fair value accounting. It is observed that during the global financial crisis, the banks had to face the issue off solvency as assets were valued at low rate by means of fair value theory. The standards IFRS 13 and IFRS 9 provide solution to the issue of financial crisis. References Australian Accounting Standards Board. (2010). Australian accounting standards board, 2010. File, 1-134. Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2017). IFRS 9 financial instruments. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/international/ifrs-en-us/ifrs9 Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2017 a). Research into the impact of IFRS adoption in Australia. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en/news/2016/03/aasb Deloitte Global Services Limited. (2018). IFRS 9 financial instruments. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/international/ifrs-en-us/ifrs9 Deloitte Touche. (2013). Fair value measurement of financial instruments under IFRS 13. IASB, 1-8. European Systematic Risk Board. (2017). Financial stability implications of IFRS 9. Pub, 1-83.(2012). Fair value measurement. Publications, 1-197. Financial Times. (n.d.). Definition of fair value accounting. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=fair-value-accounting Laux, C. Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(1), 93-118. PwC. (2017). Practical guide general hedge accounting. Practical Guide, 1-28. Small, C. (2012). The role of accounting in the financial crisis. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2012/03/02/the-role-of-accounting-in-the-financial-crisis/ Tabara, N. Rusu, A. (2011). The role of accounting in the global financial crisis. Assumptions and realities. EuroEconomica, 30(3), 1-7. The Economist Newspaper Limited 2017, Alls fair. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from https://www.economist.com/node/12274096

Racially Biased Pretextual Traffic Stops Essays - Law Enforcement

Racially Biased Pretextual Traffic Stops The interviews excerpted here show that racially biased pretextual traffic stops have a strong and immediate impact on the individual African-American drivers involved. These stops are not the minor inconveniences they might seem to those who are not subjected to them. Rather, they are experiences that can wound the soul and cause psychological scar tissue to form. And the statistics show that these experiences are not simply disconnected anecdotes or exaggerated versions of personal experiences, but rather established and persistent patterns of law enforcement conduct. It may be that these stops do not spring from racism on the part of individual officers, or even from the official policies of the police departments for which they work. Nevertheless, the statistics leave little doubt that, whatever the source of this conduct by police, it has a disparate and degrading impact on blacks. But racial profiling is important not only because of the damage it does, but also because of the connections between stops of minority drivers and other, larger issues of criminal justice and race. Put another way, driving while black reflects, illustrates, and aggravates some of the most important problems we face today when we debate issues involving race, the police, the courts, punishment, crime control, criminal justice, and constitutional law. A. The Impact on the Innocent The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures, and specifies some of the requirements to be met in order to procure a warrant for a search. Since 1961--and earlier in the federal court system--the Supreme Court has required the exclusion of any evidence obtained through an unconstitutional search or seizure. From its inception, the exclusionary rule has inspired spirited criticism. Cardozo himself said that the criminal is to go free because the constable has blundered, capturing the idea that the bad guy, caught red handed, gets a tremendous windfall when he escapes punishment because of a mistake in the police officer's behavior. We need not even go all the way back to Cardozo to hear the argument that the exclusion of evidence protects--and rewards--only the guilty. The justification advanced for the exclusionary rule is that while the guilty may receive the most direct benefit when a court suppresses evidence because of a constitutional violation, the innocent--all the rest of us--are also better off. The right to be free from illegal searches and seizures belongs not just to the guilty, but to everyone. The guilty parties who bring motions to suppress are simply the most convenient vehicles for vindicating these rights, because they will have the incentive--escaping conviction--to litigate the issues. In so doing, the argument goes, the rights of all are vindicated, and police are deterred from violating constitutional rules on pain of failing to convict the guilty. One problem with this argument is that it takes imagination: the beneficiaries of suppressed evidence other than the guilty who escape punishment are ephemeral and amorphous. They are everybody--all of us. And if they are everybody, they quickly become nobody, because law-abiding, taxpaying citizens are unlikely to view ourselves as needing these constitutional protections. After all, we obey the law; we do not commit crimes. We can do without these protections--or so we think. It is not my intention here to recapitulate every argument for and against the exclusionary rule. Rather, I wish to point out a major difference between the usual Fourth Amendment cases and the most common driving while black cases. While police catch some criminals through the use of pretext stops, far more innocent people are likely to be affected by these practices than criminals. Indeed, the black community as a whole undoubtedly needs the protection of the police more than other segments of society because African- Americans are more likely than others to be victims of crime. Ironically, it is members of that same community who are likely to feel the consequences of pretextual stops and be treated like criminals. It is the reverse of the usual Fourth Amendment case, in that there is nothing ghostlike or indefinite about those whose rights would be vindicated by addressing these police practices. On the contrary, the victims are easy to identify because they are the great majority of black people who are subjected to these humiliating and difficult experiences but who have done absolutely nothing to deserve this treatment--except to resemble, in a literally skin-deep way, a small group of criminals. While whites who have done nothing wrong generally have little need to fear constitutional violations by the police, this is decidedly

Around the World essays

Around the World essays Africa is a very deserted continent. It has mostly third-world countries and is very under-developed. Deserts cover a large area of the terrain. There are not many large cities and societies compared to other continents such as Europe and North America. Small tribes, however, are very common and follow the same customs and traditions for centuries. Many scientists believe the worlds population originated in Africa Antarctica is almost entirely uninhabited because of the harsh climate. The entire land is covered by ice because it is located at the South Pole. The only animals that live there must adapt to the extreme cold weather by having thick fur coats. There are many mountain ranges. The largest continent on the planet is Asia. It contains China, which is the largest populated country. However, many parts of Asia are unoccupied because of the rocky mountain terrain. The societies range from very low class countries to high-tech corporate cities. Australia is the only continent besides Antarctica to have one country. It is an island located in the Pacific Ocean. It has a very tropical region. It is very hot atmospheric conditions. Kangaroos are very common in Australia. Their society has a strong, peaceful government and is generally upper class. Europe has more countries than any other continent. Most of the countries are extremely small compared to the United States and China. However, they have many upper class countries such as France, England, and Spain. The terrain is made up of many forested areas, except the cities. North America is probably the most powerful continent in the world because it contains the United States of America, but also has Mexico, Canada, and many smaller countries in Central America. North America has many mountain ranges, lakes, and deserts. However, most of the land is populated by large cities because most of the countries are wealthy. There arent any particularly signif ...

Getting a Chinese Foot Massage

Getting a Chinese Foot Massage The Chinese foot massage has been practiced for centuries and is a popular pastime in China. The process consists of a foot bath followed by an intense massage on various pressure points in the feet, ankles, and legs. For many Westerners, a traditional Chinese massage can be painful the first time.   In China, people get a foot massage for a variety of reasons, ranging from getting pampered, to socializing with friends  or treating an injury or sickness. Read on to see if a Chinese foot massage interests you and where to sign up for one! Historical Background The ancient Chinese medical text,  Huangdi Neijing (é »Æ'Ã¥ ¸ Ã¥â€¦ §Ã§ ¶â€œ), has been consulted for more than two millennia. It was written by the Yellow Emperor (é »Æ'Ã¥ ¸ , Hungdà ¬). In the text, the Emperor recommends massage for healing and health. Since then, massages have been incorporated into treatment for medical ailments. They are widely performed in hospitals and massage parlors today. What To Expect During A Chinese Foot Massage While the quality of a traditional Chinese foot massage may vary, it typically begins with being seated on a footstool while soaking the feet in hot water infused with tea and herbs. While the feet are soaking, the masseur massages and kneads a person’s shoulders, upper back, and neck for five to 15 minutes. After, the person is transferred to a comfy lounge chair. Next, the feet are removed from the water and dried off with a towel and then propped up on a footstool. Then, the massage therapist wraps one foot in a towel and then begins to work on the other foot. The massage therapist applies cream or lotion to the foot and then rubs, kneads, pushes, and massages pressure points on the bottom, top, and sides of the foot. The massage is often painful, particularly for first-timers, because it is believed that each part of the foot is connected to a part of the body. If soreness is felt in a particular part of the foot, the theory is that the corresponding part of the body has a problem. After both feet are massaged, hot towels are wrapped around the feet. After the massage therapist rubs the swaddled feet, they are dried. Then, the lower legs and thighs are massaged using kneading, stroking, and pounding motions.   A cup of tea is often served before, during or after the massage. Snacks such as dried plums, nuts, or tomatoes may also be served. Where Can I Get A Chinese Foot Massage? Traditional Chinese foot massages are available in cities large and small throughout China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Getting a traditional Chinese foot massage is routine and serves as either time for rest and relaxation or as a time to catch up with friends and family. Follow these spa etiquette tips for getting a massage in China. Price A 30 minute, hour-long, and 90-minute foot massage cost about $5-$15 in the East. In the West, traditional Chinese foot massages can be found in Chinatowns and some spas. Expect to pay $20 or more for an hour-long massage and dont forget to tip.

Questions about Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions about Managing People - Essay Example Secondly, by being in the ASEAN region culture plays a big role in terms of dictating how individuals behave. In this region, individuals are expected to think, act and live collectively as members of a family and or group. Those who do not are rejected by society. The dabbawalah organisation provides an environment within which the employees can satisfy both their existence needs and relatedness needs. The sense of belonging, affiliation and meaningful interpersonal relationships is as important as the physiological material needs in collectivist societies such as the Indian society. In the case Sapan Mare confirms this when he states that his family has been in the tiffin business for four generations. It is therefore likely that the tiffin-walahs are driven to increase their performance by the strong affiliation they have and the sense of ownership of the business. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: Vroom’s expectancy theory states that motivational force is a combination of valence and expectancy. Valence is the anticipated satisfaction from an outcome whereas expectancy is a perception of the degree of probability that the choice of a particular action will actually lead to the desired outcome (Mullins 2010a). ... It could also be argued that there is some form of external pressure from either family or society for tiffin-walahs to join the trade. With these two arguments, and taking into consideration that the culture here is largely collectivist, it is possible to conceive that tiffin-walahs get satisfaction in joining the â€Å"ancestral† business. This high sense of ownership implies that their valence is high. Secondly the fact that they are also shareholders compels them to work harder thus increasing their expectancy. According to Vroom’s expectancy equation, combining the high valence and high expectancy equates to a high motivational force (Mullins 2010a). High motivational force makes the tiffin-walahs to increase their level of performance which results in the overall Six Sigma capabilities of the organisation. Herzberg’s two factor theory: Herzberg’s theory states that there are two sets of factors, hygiene and motivating factors, which affect motivati on and job satisfaction. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job and are concerned with the job environment. They prevent dissatisfaction. Motivation is largely affected by the other set of factors, motivators, which are related to the job content (Mullins 2010a). From the evaluation so far one can identify that the dabbawalah scores highly in term of extrinsic factors while its intrinsic factors are not as remarkable. Example of the dabbawalah service’s extrinsic factors include: a very sociable job, strong policies on discipline and offences and job security – â€Å"it lasts for as long as the member is strong enough to do the work (from Case Study)†. However, according to Herzberg’s theory, the factors we have listed above have no effect on satisfaction,

Public Officials and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Officials and Morality - Essay Example In the United Stated elected officials are required to be loyal to the constitution, run an office with high integrity and moral ethics. Auditors check the performance of these officials and ensure that they hold exemplary behavior and serve in a collective interest. For example, William Boss who served the House of Representatives in US in 1873 was convicted for allegedly stealing public funds. Corruption is a vice that is commonly practiced by the public officials. Tim Mahoney a democrat from Florida was charged for sexually harassing a female staff that cost his sit in the next election. William Jefferson form Louisiana also lost his job after the investigations revealed he had received bribes from a century man. These officials lost integrity and trust from the public and could no longer hold office. George w bush a retired American president is up to date criticized for sending troops to Iraq to counter terrorism. The Americans lost many soldiers in the war. The scientistâ€℠¢s embryonic research is gaining support from many leaders across the globe including the American president Barack Obama and the sitting Italian president. The research involves obtaining stem cells from a human embryo and the umbilical cord blood to invent future cures. Religious leaders have questioned the morality behind the research and many see it as dehumanizing.The catholic pope Benedict XVI has as well criticized President Barack Obama for lifting the ban on abortion.Abortion involves termination of pregnancy that leaves the fetus dead.

Gender and the Media Essay Example for Free

Gender and the Media Essay Socialisation is the way an identity is defined throughout life for a person. Children are seen a blank slate that is going to have a personality and roles set by the environment he lives in. A child generally has an idea on what gender they are by the time they are 2 years old. A boy will portray himself with the colour blue, would be very hyperactive and tend to bully girls. Females would be more mature, refer themselves to the colour pink and socialise with other girls, this is called primary socialisation. Personalities are defined through interactions with people that are close to them, there societys values and they learn the attributes of their sex at a young age and they know what is expected of them as a certain sex. The person is reinforced by social praise and punishment so the person can learn from mistakes and good deeds. Media has played a massive part on how socialisation as occurred to an individual. I am directly concerned with how the media affects young women within todays society, particularly through the use of gender stereotyping within young womens magazines, mainly through articles and advertisements. Here, the ideas and beliefs already created by the media are useful to advertisers because they are socially accepted ideologies. They know that they will influence women. It has been stated in the past that it is these media interpretations of The Perfect Woman that have been the cause for so many women becoming increasingly pressured into looking good and so dieting, keeping fit etc. This can, in extreme cases lead to serious psychological diseases such as anorexia and bulimia, where one of the main causes has been identified as social pressure. Society affects how people perceive themselves, Body Image awareness still exists in our society. Many people living on our society are influenced by the media and the fashion industry. Both are equally responsible for the increased number of people suffering from eating disorders. Fashion industries tend to only feature whose figures vary from eight to ten. Their androgynous waif-like figures are presented as representative of the everyday woman. In doing so the average woman in the street is forced to measure herself against an unrealistic ideal. Most models are above average height, have naturally lithe bodies and are aged between sixteen and thirty. Their image is constructed and manipulated by a predominately male homosexual industry which appears reluctant to show women as curvaceous individuals. Celebrities themselves fall foul of the dominant media representation of women. When society thinks of a family we automatically think of the nuclear family in which there is a mum, dad and often two or three children. This type is seen as the statistical norm until the 1980s where it was considered abnormal to deviate from this ideal family type and there were characteristics that came with this which were seen as socially acceptable. Children were seen as the outcome of a loving heterosexual couple and each person i. e. the mum and dad should have distinctive roles within the family. The mother should be concerned with motherhood and household chores. The father should protect the family and be a disciplinary role model, as well as their main role being defined as the breadwinner, this meaning they often bring in the most money. The mother should be the housekeeper who attians the house and looks after the children as they grow up. A young male would grow up learning the princilpes of the father and the young female would grow up adobting the mather principles. Post modernism shows that gender is the main topic in an individuals life as events that have occurred are directly linked to a individuals gender. Post modernism gives the individual more choice and that is the basis of post modernism, choice! The individual is more independent on their life choices; such old life ambitions of marriage and children are not compulsory but are a option that some people may seek. Unlike pre modernism and modernity where marriage and kids are ultimate goals and people automatically assume that this is the right path to follow. This gives way to new events that once were either not existent or unethical such as unisex and inter-racial marriages. It shows a deterioration of religion and supernatural belief, which leaves great division among people in identity and lifestyles. People are now working more flexible times, fashion has changed in such away that people can wear what they want, food is more oriental and music comes in a wide variety. Identity has separated into many huge groups such as social classes, ethnic group, age and gender. This leads to unrest to certain groups that want change as people now have a sense of spreading opinion and arguing their rights. Certain groups such as feminists, Marxist ideology and ageist rights. As choice and individual opinion now can be widely credited it gives chance for concern to be broadcasted such as the feminist supporters wanting females to be treated as equals among men. The first wave of feminism gave people the ideology in 1928 when they got the vote, which provoked the idea of gaining more such as the 2nd wave of feminism in the 1960s when women burned the bras, this caused great reasoning between the two gender differences. Karl Marx however says that society not the individual is the important issue as that eventually the working class will soon rule society. This radical change has brought in new changes such as the new man that is a unique gender that of a masculine and unemotional male, the new man focuses on his physical appearance and pays attention to diet, personality and self image, he is more emotional and doesnt fit in with a patriarchy idea. As post modernism has totally effected todays society it shows how an individual can make all the differences and how self concern and freedom is the new ideal but this idea could change and evidence suggests that it could lead to pre modernism of the old age as though it is a long term cycle of a society but critics say this is the final situation of society and the end solution is total equality among genders, races and age. This idea of choice could lead in any direction depending on current affairs within society yet time is not a important issue as this process could last a log time.

Voltaires Candide Essay -- Voltaire essays research papers

Candide, written by Voltaire and published in 1759, is based in the Age of the Enlightenment. Candide is a satiric tale of a virtuous man's search for the truest form of happiness and his ultimate acceptance of life's disappointments. The illegitimate son of the Baron's sister; Candide is raised in the Castle of Westphalia and taught by his friend and philosopher of metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology, Dr.Pangloss. Candide is abruptly cast out from the castle when he and Lady Cunegonde are found indiscreetly kissing behind a screen. Broken hearted and emotionally lost by the separation from Lady Cunegonde, his true love; Candide wanders off. After being tricked into servitude with the Bulgar army, Candide discovers that his one and only love Lady Cunegonde is dead and his friend Dr. Pangloss is deathly sick; Candide then decides that all is not lost and that a cure must be found for Pangloss. Tragedy, adventure and a series of horrible events follow Candide as he is forced to over come misfortune to find true happiness; in the end he determines that all is not well and that he must work in order to find even a small amount of pleasure in life. The principal theme presented throughout majority of the novel is "Optimism" by the main character Candide and how that theme is incorporated into his winning outcomes of terrible situations. His good friend and philosopher Dr.Pangloss first introduces this Optimism that Candide believes. Yet this optimist foundation is being con... Voltaire's Candide Essay -- Voltaire essays research papers Candide, written by Voltaire and published in 1759, is based in the Age of the Enlightenment. Candide is a satiric tale of a virtuous man's search for the truest form of happiness and his ultimate acceptance of life's disappointments. The illegitimate son of the Baron's sister; Candide is raised in the Castle of Westphalia and taught by his friend and philosopher of metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology, Dr.Pangloss. Candide is abruptly cast out from the castle when he and Lady Cunegonde are found indiscreetly kissing behind a screen. Broken hearted and emotionally lost by the separation from Lady Cunegonde, his true love; Candide wanders off. After being tricked into servitude with the Bulgar army, Candide discovers that his one and only love Lady Cunegonde is dead and his friend Dr. Pangloss is deathly sick; Candide then decides that all is not lost and that a cure must be found for Pangloss. Tragedy, adventure and a series of horrible events follow Candide as he is forced to over come misfortune to find true happiness; in the end he determines that all is not well and that he must work in order to find even a small amount of pleasure in life. The principal theme presented throughout majority of the novel is "Optimism" by the main character Candide and how that theme is incorporated into his winning outcomes of terrible situations. His good friend and philosopher Dr.Pangloss first introduces this Optimism that Candide believes. Yet this optimist foundation is being con...

Earth in Greek mythology Essay

Greek Mythology will always be culturally relevant in our world. There is a great deal of Greek Mythology symbolism of Greek gods in today’s society. Greek Mythology will remain compatible to the ideas of society. â€Å"†¦.myth’s adaptability is limited by the fact that a myth must be culturally relevant† (OSU Greek Mythology) Many aspects of our culture involve and began from Greek myths. The solar system is, for the most part, also named after Greek gods, â€Å"with the exception of Earth, all of the planets in our solar system have names from Greek or Roman mythology† (Starchild NASA 1). There is also much symbolism of Greek gods and mythology in today’s society. Greek mythology is greatly reflected in advertising. Several examples are Nike, the goddess of victory, and the very popular sports company, Nike. Another popular advertisement is for the FTD flower delivery company. Their logo includes Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods with winged feet. Apollo, the god of music, has a famous music hall in New York named after him, the Apollo Theater. There is also a magazine of the arts called Daedalus. Greek mythology is relatable to humans. Many of the heroes in Greek mythology are on a quest for truth. In today’s society, humans are still looking for truthful answers to their many questions. Myths explain things the people are believed to not understand. Creation stories in Greek mythology tell of how everything came to be, in their opinion. Many Creation stories include a Flood story, which leads Christians to have greater faith that it occurred. It is also important to study Greek mythology because it is part if history. There can be a lot learned about the Greek culture. Greek Mythology will always be relevant and relatable to the people in this world.

Financial Support Letter Example

The following is provided on behalf of (name) to support his petition to be considered an independent student. In January of 2012 1 became aware of (name) intention to attend school at The College of the Siskiyous in Weed, California. I also became aware of an unfortunate diminishing relationship between him and his parents and the impending affects that that relationship has and will continue to have on his efforts to pursue a college degree.As a former teacher at Meade High School, where (name) graduated, I had the distinct pleasure of meeting this very poised young man. I believe he has turned his ife around and is determined to succeed both as a father and as a student. Our relationship grew to where he trusted me. I have received many calls where he talked about the struggles of being abandoned by his parents and left to survive on his own. I have continued to provide counsel and guidance on the importance and value of staying the course.I applaud his courage attend a college, p articularly one that is located across country from his hometown. While I know that he has been quite resourceful in obtaining the necessary financial support to meet his needs, this does not negate the fact that this s truly a young man who is struggling – and one with no assurance that money will be available to support his educational needs. (name) is an excellent athlete and quite capable of achieving excellence in the classroom.Like everyone else, he deserves an opportunity to get a decent education. I believe we live in a society where â€Å"no child should be left behind,† particularly when it comes to education. Accordingly, I strongly believe that this child should no longer be left to fend for himself. Therefore, I strongly recommend that he be supported financially, to the greatest extent possible, in the furtherance of his education.

Free Essays on Should Marijuana Be Legalized

Should it be Legalized Should marijuana be legalized it is a simple question with complex answers. There are many questions regarding marijuana ranging from should it be legalized, to whether it is a harmful drug. This topic is important to the people of America because we, as taxpayers spend millions of dollars each year on drug control. This is a major issue arising not only in America, but also in our neighboring country of Canada. Should marijuana be legalized? If it is legalized what would it mean to America’s war on drugs? What might the moralists’ argument against drugs become? Legalizing marijuana would make people change their perspective on the issue as well as the people who use it, due to it no longer being a crime. This issue is significant because it will affect our country as a whole. It will affect our taxes, laws, as well as the political parties and elections that will run our country. Legalization of marijuana also touches on the rights of citizens, as well on modern medicine. Marijuana is the drug that has a big question mark that goes along with it. What should our country do while faced with the issue of legalization of marijuana? Before making a decision on whether or not marijuana should be legalized, the history as well as the origin should be known. Marijuana is obtained from dried and crumpled parts of the ubiquitous hemp plant Cannabis Sativa. Marijuana can be grown just about anywhere. It is a easily harvested plant, which makes it a favorite of drug farmers. Marijuana comes in different strengths (â€Å"Marijuana† Encyclopedia International Vol. 11) from mild marijuana to potent Pg. 2 hashish. Even though some of these forms of marijuana are very potent, it has not been proven to be addictive. Marijuana was something foreign to Americans until the late 19th early 20th century when immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean introduced the drug. It was often used during days of long work as a ... Free Essays on Should Marijuana Be Legalized Free Essays on Should Marijuana Be Legalized Should it be Legalized Should marijuana be legalized it is a simple question with complex answers. There are many questions regarding marijuana ranging from should it be legalized, to whether it is a harmful drug. This topic is important to the people of America because we, as taxpayers spend millions of dollars each year on drug control. This is a major issue arising not only in America, but also in our neighboring country of Canada. Should marijuana be legalized? If it is legalized what would it mean to America’s war on drugs? What might the moralists’ argument against drugs become? Legalizing marijuana would make people change their perspective on the issue as well as the people who use it, due to it no longer being a crime. This issue is significant because it will affect our country as a whole. It will affect our taxes, laws, as well as the political parties and elections that will run our country. Legalization of marijuana also touches on the rights of citizens, as well on modern medicine. Marijuana is the drug that has a big question mark that goes along with it. What should our country do while faced with the issue of legalization of marijuana? Before making a decision on whether or not marijuana should be legalized, the history as well as the origin should be known. Marijuana is obtained from dried and crumpled parts of the ubiquitous hemp plant Cannabis Sativa. Marijuana can be grown just about anywhere. It is a easily harvested plant, which makes it a favorite of drug farmers. Marijuana comes in different strengths (â€Å"Marijuana† Encyclopedia International Vol. 11) from mild marijuana to potent Pg. 2 hashish. Even though some of these forms of marijuana are very potent, it has not been proven to be addictive. Marijuana was something foreign to Americans until the late 19th early 20th century when immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean introduced the drug. It was often used during days of long work as a ...

Building Sustainable Organizations Analysis

The report discusses the HRM practices in an organization through the case study of a   hospital which is located in Australia with around 400 staff members. The hospital has its unit across the Australia. The case study discusses ineffective HR practices operating in the hospital administration which have contributed to high attrition, grievances, absenteeism and shortage of staff in the organization. The hospital has been reported to have some serious accidents involving patients and staff members. The case then discussed a contrasting view of another hospital that is effectively implementing HRM practices in its administration through employee engagement activities, HR policies, job analysis and recruitment and selection. The hospital has been reported to have great patient services because of its sustainable management practices and policies. The first hospital discussed in the case reflects ineffective HRM practices which have degraded the quality of patient services and have even led to some serious patient accidents. The hospital only has one payroll department which takes care of the salary of the employees and one HR consultant who conducts weekly visits to the hospital. All the responsibilities of an HR manager have been laid down on the middle managers which has overburdened them. The CEO of the hospital has been overlooking the consequences of this activity of overburdening middle managers. This has resulted in work conflicts, staff turnover and absenteeism. The overall quality of the services of the hospital has also degraded. The hospital lacks an effective munication model, which is taken care by an HR manager. Effective munication is required for assigning roles and responsibilities, boosting employee confidence and evaluating performance of the employee. An effective munication holds an organization together through effective policies, employee handbook, meetings and conferences, performance evaluation, employee engagement etc. munication helps to transfer the information from one department to other and thus maintains the flow of information through mails, telephones, meetings, documents, employee record etc (Fielding, 2006). It is the role of an HR to maintain an effective munication in an organization which is not present in the hospital. Employment r elations are also not being properly managed ineffective HR policies. Employment relations are required to hold the employees and have good staff retention in the hospital through developing relation between employee and the hospital through benefits and pensation, appraisal system etc (Gardner & Palmer, 1997). The employee gets frustrated and demotivated due to work conflicts and situation based problems. They need to be motivated by an HR manager through meetings and other activities. The managers are not even aware that these assigned responsibilities are not even part of their job and get frustrated sometimes which creates absenteeism and staff turnover. This overall impacts employee petence through work conflicts and absenteeism which indirectly affects the quality of the services of hospital and leads to disappoint patient. This spoils the image of the hospital and affects the long terms goals and objectives of the organization. A sustainable HRM model is required to improve the quality of the services of the hospital (Wolper, 2004). The CEO of the hospital needs to review the performance of the hospital in order to build a sustainable business model. He needs to understand that an HR consultant is not enough while considering the long term goals and objectives of the organization. The patient care and safety are one of the essential ponents for a successful running hospital which are not as per the norms of a hospital. The severe accidents may increase in the future and may have disastrous consequences on the operational system of hospital. The CEO needs to develop a sustainable HRM model in order to achieve the long term goals and objectives of the hospital (Wolper, 2004). CEO would have to create an effective HR department and ensure proper implementation of the HR policies and practices. He could have a look at the HRM model of other successfully running hospital as mentioned in the case study. The hospital has a proper HR department which has led to quality services to the hospital through its staff retention and employee engagement. Thus, CEO should plan to develop an HRM model in the hospital by considering the following roles and responsibilities of an HR department and should hire an HR manager who could assist him in other recruits for the department. The HR manager is responsible for hiring the suitable employees as per the needs and requirement of the job profile in the organization. Employees are recruited through different channels such as newspaper ads, online ads, networking, telephone etc. It is the responsibility of an HR to use the right channel for selection (Brinkerhoff & Goldsmith, 1992). When a new employee gets hired and joins the organization, he needs to be well versed about the organization and his duties and job role. The HR manager guides and instructs the employee through an induction and training program regarding what he would be expected to do through employee handbook, job description, pany policy manual and training and mentoring. He also checks all the required documents of the employee such as id proof, degrees etc (Brinkerhoff & Goldsmith, 1992). It is the duty of an HR manager to ensure that hospital plies with the rules and regulations of the government through his legal research expertise on hospital. The hospital must abide by the laws as prescribed by the government which may include recruitment contracts with the medical practitioners. Then there are employee contracts which should be very well documented (Brinkerhoff & Goldsmith, 1992). It is the duty of an HR to control and monitor the performance of an employee through employee engagement, resolving work conflict, handling grievances, appraisal system etc. The employee performance is responsible for quality of the services of a hospital. An HR boosts the confidence of employees through different activities and ensures smooth operational activities in an organization (Wolper, 2004). An HR manager is also involved in core team of a hospital and helps in building strategies in alignment with the goals and objectives of the organization. An HR manager acts as an intermediate between the employees and the hospital and thus, helps to resolve employee issues and concerns through proper planning and devising solution (Evans, 1990). Training and development is a very crucial element to develop a sustainable business model in hospital industry. It ensures quality services and equipping the staff with latest technology and practices in the market. It is the duty of an HR to conduct regular training in the hospital such as handling patient effectively, being polite to the patient etc. Thus way training improves the quality standard of a hospital (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). HR is responsible for running operations of a hospital smoothly and effective administration is the core element of HRM in hospital. The responsibilities may vary from hospital to hospital (Fried, Fottler & Johnson, 2005). Studying the above roles and responsibilities, it can be evaluated that an HR plays a very important role in effective delivery of services and ensuring quality patient care. Further, the report would discuss the ways to develop a sustainable HRM model in a hospital and its consequences. A sustainable HRM model consists of six elements which would be discussed one by one below: HR Management Systems: It ensures that the operational activities are being maintained in an organization through integration of data, staffing and placement and employee support system. The data is helpful is evaluating the performance of the employees and provides employee feedback and coaching and mentoring to the employees if required. This would improve overall work productivity of the hospital through an effective appraisal system and policies and measures (Evans, 1990). Leadership: Employees look for continuous guidance and instructions from their superiors to make sure that their work is in alignment with the goals and objectives of the hospital. HR manager would make sure that the employees are fully aware of their job profile and expected results through intensive planning and organizing. Their involvement in the decision making process ensures that the hospital’s planning, budgeting and organizing considers the issues and concerns raised by the employees. Thus, an HR ensures that there is continuous involvement of stakeholders in the decision making process (Evans, 1990). Partnership: A hospital must ensure that there is proper planning, organizing and optimum utilization of the resources. Partnership is a way to hold the stakeholders and direct them towards a mon goal and objective of the organization (Evans, 1990). Finance: Employees need motivation in order to increase their work productivity which can be ensured through timely incentives and a properly defined salary structure for an employee. The salary package of an employee must be defined in advance so that he is aware about his benefits which may include education, medical, allowances etc (Evans, 1990). Education: Employees look for their career advancement and growth in an organization. Education would motivate them and would also help to increase the work productivity of a hospital (Evans, 1990). Policy: An organization must have effective policies to ensure discipline in the system. An employee must abide by the rules and regulations of an organization so as to align with the goals and objectives of the hospital (Evans, 1990). Thus, a sustainable framework can be ensured through following approaches: A sustainable HRM model would involve four steps which are as follows: Purpose: The purpose is analyse the current situation which can be done through various methods such as taking feedback from the stakeholders, reviewing the records and documents etc. In the case study, CEO must identify the key stakeholders first and then analyse the plete situation through the inputs received from the stakeholders (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). The process can be carried out through a meeting with the key stakeholders, reviewing the existing HR documents which can be collected from HR consultant and payroll manager. This would help in identifying the root cause of the problem (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Purpose: Once the inputs have been received from the previous step, this step would define the actions required to be taken. This would be carried out through prioritizing the actions which are necessary in the current scenario. The planning would involve cost calculation for the implementation of those actions and the consequences the actions would have on the hospital (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Purpose: The most critical part of building HRM model is the execution of the planned layout and most of the organizations fail at the execution level. Thus, a leader must ensure that the roles and responsibilities are properly allocated to the respective departments and employees so as to ensure that an effective implementation is being carried out (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Thus, the phase would involve planning the execution though funding, allocating the responsibilities and budget planning for the action plan. Purpose: It is very important to measure the success of plan that has been executed and evaluate the process of implementation. Monitoring and controlling helps to determine the milestone achieved and helps in future planning (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). The process involves analyzing the key stakeholders who would decide the factors for monitoring and evaluating the execution. The roles and responsibilities of the employees must be clearly defined (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Developing a sustainable business model for any organization is a challenging task and requires the contribution of all the stakeholders of an organization. But, once the framework is being developed, it would have great results in terms of employee mitment and improve the service quality of the hospital. Effective munication: munication helps in constant flow of information in an organization. An effective munication is required in an organization to keep the employees updated regarding their roles and responsibilities. The HR manager would ensure an effective munication in the organization (Zelles, 2012). Performance Management: Performance management must be evaluated on a regular basis in an organization. Effective HR policies would help to evaluate the performance of an employee (Niles, 2012). Employment Relations: An organization must ensure that the employees are satisfied with their job role to maintain employment relations. An HR manager acts as an intermediate between the organization and the employee to build trust and loyalty among the employees which helps to increase the work productivity (Zelles, 2012). Thus, a sustainable HRM Model is crucial for an organization to ensure employee mitment and quality services. The r mendations for the CEO of the hospital are as follows: The report has analyzed the case study and the measures required to be taken in order to devise a solution for the same. The discussion has involved the steps that CEO needs to consider to build a sustainable HRM Model for his hospital to improve the quality of the services. Most importantly, a sustainable model requires a great leader, HR management systems, effective HR policies and involvement of key stakeholders in the decision making process. Gardner, M & Palmer, G. (1997). Employment Relations:  Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management in Australia. Melbourne: Macmillan Education AU. Dressler, S. (2004). Strategy, Organization and Performance Management:  From Basics to Best Practices. Sydney: Universal-Publishers. Colbert, B.A. &Kurucz E.C. (2007).Three Conceptions of Triple Bottom Line Business Sustainability and the Role for HRM.Pro-Quest, 30(1), 21-29. Brinkerhoff, D.W. & Goldsmith, A.A. (March 1992). Promoting the sustainability of development institutions: A framework for strategy.World Development, 20(3), 369-383. Hahn, T., Pinkse, J., Preuss, L. (March 2015). Tensions in Corporate Sustainability: Towards an Integrative Framework. Journal of Business Ethics. 127(2), 297-316. Savage, G.T., Fottler, M.D. and Khatri, N. (27 July 2010). Strategic Human Resource Management in Health Care. UK: Emerald Group Publishing. Fried, B., Fottler, M.D. and Johnson, J.A. (2005).Human Resources in Healthcare:  Managing for Success. US: Health Administration Press. Evans, D.W. (1990). People, munication and Organisations. London: Pitman. Anthony, R.J. (2009). Organizations, People & Effective munication:  Most Good and Bad Consequences e Down to People and munication. US: UNIV READERS Holbeche, L & Matthews, G. (2012). Engaged:  Unleashing Your Organization's Potential Through Employee Engagement. US: Wiley. Zelles, R. (2012). Methodologies to measure and define Employee Engagement. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Bridger, E. (2014). Employee Engagement. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Macev, W.H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K.M., & Young, S.A. (2011). Employee Engagement:  Tools for Analysis, Practice, and petitive Advantage. London: John Wiley & Sons. Flynn, W.J., Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H., & Valentine,S.R. (2015). Healthcare Human Resource Management. US: Cengage Learning. Wolper, L.F. (2004). Health Care Administration:  Planning, Implementing, and Managing Organized Delivery Systems. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Nick, G., Reinhold, G., & Valerie, I. (2005). Managing Health Services. UK: McGraw-Hill Education. Niles, N.J. (2012). Basic Concepts of Health Care Human Resource Management. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

The Burden of Love, the Bonds of Sisterhood Essay

The Burden of Love, the Bonds of Sisterhood - Essay Example "When people looked at Lindsey, even my father and mother, they saw me. Lindsey was not immune. She avoided mirrors. She now took her showers in the dark." (Sebold 59). This signifies that people were not seeing Lindsey as a person, but as part of a broken sisterhood, they perceived the absent sister instead. She fears to confront that absence, to see herself without her sister and to avoid the fear and pain, she avoids the evidence of her own single existence. In Alice Sebold's The Lovely Bones, events before and after Susie's death, may be seen to reflect the experiences of other children who find themselves in a similar situation. In particular, it provides insight as to how children 'left behind' may deal with the trauma of grief, horror and loss. Before Susie's murder, she and Lindsey were pretty much like any two teenage sisters, with certain resentments and jealousies, but strong in family loyalty and acceptance of each other. Susie is bright, feisty and has a good sense of humor, Lindsey is gifted and takes herself rather seriously. Susie explains their differences when she says "She locked herself in her bedroom and read big books. When I read, Are You There God It's Me, Margaret, she read Camus's Resistance, Rebellion and Death." (Sebold 32) The natural envy of the younger sister is shown when Lindsey finds herself in Susie's closet: "Lindsey had always wanted the clothes I owned first-run but had gotten them all as hand-me-downs." (Sebold 106). Every younger sister in the world would recognize that feeling, and sadly, if similar circumstances of loss pertained, some might share in the "guilt and glee" (Sebold 106), felt with the realization that everything was now hers alone. Whatever their differences, sisters love an d care for each other, and the constant reminder of loss is a sadness which never goes. For Lindsey, there is much more to cope with, she has almost a greater responsibility than that of any other family member. This forces her to continually change and adapt, to acknowledge she has not just lost Susie, but her own childhood. She thus must develop ways to handle life differently, for as long as it takes to become whole again. Her immediate response can be appreciated as a major defense mechanism many would employ. She must develop a hard, impenetrable shell, in public at any rate, and build up strength, both mental and physical. "She sat in her room....and worked on hardening herself...make yourself small and like a stone.." (Sebold 29). For Lindsey this is necessary to protect her from the pain and horror of this particular death, and the allusion to 'stone' suggests she believes in the need for a hard inner core. Other strategies included looking through people, a refusal to appear weak, avoidance of those who might breach her defenses, and those she believed to be talking about her and the murder aspects of her sister's death. These beliefs hold some truth, people's perceptions do change, and the dead define the living, robbing them of their individuality, raising expectations of

SWOT analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

SWOT analysis paper - Essay Example taking other social initiatives that are meant to curb the housing discrimination, such as providing housing education and outreach activities (HUD, 2015). The FHIP remains an important component of civil rights advocacy, since most of the groups and organizations fighting against housing discrimination in the USA wholesomely depend on this funding. Therefore, the major function of the FHIP is to help people who believe that they are victims of housing discrimination to identify the relevant government agencies that handle the housing complaints (Civilrights.org, 2015). The FHIP achieves this objective through funding other fair housing advocacy groups and organizations, which in turn help the victims to transmit their complaints of the unfair housing discrimination to the relevant government authorities for subsequent actions. The mission statement of the FHIP is to eliminate any form of housing discrimination and build a secure access to quality housing for Americans (PD&R, 2011). The program has four initiatives operating under its umbrella, which include Fair Housing Organizations Initiative (FHOI), an initiative specifically meant to build capacity among the private non-profit fair housing organizations (Gpo.gov, 1997). The initiative achieves its objectives through funding fair housing enforcement initiatives, as well as education outreach initiatives on fair housing (HUD, 2015). The other initiative under the FHIP umbrella is the Private Enforcement Initiative (PEI), which is an initiative focused on facilitating the activities of nationwide fair housing groups, to prevent housing discriminative practices (HUD, 2015). The third initiative under the FHIP is the Education and Outreach Initiative (EOI), which is an initiative that specifically focuses on the funding the State, local governments or non-profit agencies that are involved in creating awareness among the public and the housing owners on both their rights and responsibilities in complying with the

Teeces Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Teeces Model - Essay Example This study highlights that Eurocopter is one organisation that applies this model to enhance its dynamic capabilities hence this essay seeks to explain the different steps in the model with regards to applicability to the organisation’s operations. From this discussion it is clear that it is imperative that the organisation should first sense the opportunity from the environment in order to develop its dynamic capabilities. Sensing refers to the ability to scan and create an opportunity from the environment and it also refers to the organisation’s ability to learn and interpret those opportunities. The sensing stage is mainly comprised of four elements namely: processes to direct internal R&D and also select the new technology, processes to tap the external development in technology, processes to exploit the innovation from supplier and complementor as well as the processes to target the market segment and managing customer needs and innovations. As far as the processes to direct internal R & D and new technology are concerned, it can be noted that Eurocopter internally perceives the opportunity on the blade business. The blades often require to be repaired as they form a very important aspect in the life of the helicopt er hence Eurocopter finds this as a big opportunity in the blade business if they can increase competency in terms of blade business processes which may include design, manufacturing and maintenance of composite rotor blades, propellers, turbine blades as well as other issues related to repairs. Under the strategic alliance the organisation collaborates with many external partners given that it strongly believes that these parties will help it to improve its innovativeness on the blades. It also has a joint manufacturing project with the other companies such as Kawasaki.

The Many Faces Of Kindness Today English Language Essay

The Many Faces Of Kindness Today English Language Essay Kindness is an act of compassion, humanity, love, concern and sympathy. Kindness is worship, kindness is religion. Kindness is a behaviour that spreads joy, joy that has no borders, joy that is universal. And its relevance in modern day and every day cant be discounted. Acts of simple kindness make us the humans we are. Kindness of varying degree separates us from any other species. Its kindness and love that people seek and that people give. DEFINING KINDNESS: Kindness is the language which the dumb can speak, the deaf can hear the blind can see.   ~Mark Twain kindness_01.jpgKindness is the act or the state of being kind and marked by charitable behaviour, mild disposition, pleasantness, tenderness and concern for others  [1]  . It is a recognized value in many cultures and religions. Kindness In philosophy According to book two of Aristotles Rhetoric it is one of the emotions (see list of emotions), which is defined as being helpfulness towards someone in need, not in return for anything, nor for the advantage of the helper himself, but for that of the person helped  [2]  . Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued that kindness and love are the most curative herbs and agents in human intercourse Kindness is considered to be one of the Knightly Virtues. Kindness In religion It is considered to be one of the seven virtues, specifically the one of the Seven Contrary Virtues (direct opposites of the seven deadly sins) that is the direct opposite to envy  [3]  . The Talmud claims that deeds of kindness are equal in weight to all the commandments. Paul of Tarsus defines love as being patient and kind (I Corinthians). In Buddhism, one of the Ten Perfections (Paramitas) is MettÄ , which is usually translated into English as loving-kindness. Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama wrote my religion is kindness and authored a book entitled Kindness, Clarity, and Insight  [4]  . Confucius urges his followers to recompense kindness with kindness. Kindness In psychology In a study of 37 cultures around the world, sixteen thousand subjects were asked about their most desired traits in a mate. For both sexes, the first preference was kindness (the second was intelligence)  [5]  . CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: I expect to pass through life but once.   If therefore, there be any kindness I can show, or any good thing I can do to any fellow being, let me do it now, and not defer or neglect it, as I shall not pass this way again.   ~William Penn compassion.jpg History of Kindness: Every civilization -the Aryan, the Greek, the ancient Chinese laid utmost emphasis on kindness and many a holy books have kindness as their central theme. For instance, we find the usage of kindness in the Holy Bible through the following verse. One of the reasons for salvation and eternal life is to display the kindness of God in the ages to come. Ephesians 2:7 That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. Titus 3:4 But after that the kindness and love of God our Savior toward man appeared Components of Kindness: Kindness is a very broad term. Anything the first person does, to make the second person feel good can be categorized as kindness. However, in our study we would consider the mathematical formula for kindness and the accompanying components in it given by Chuck Wall, Kindnessusa.org. Mathematical Formula for Kindness  [6]  :   A mathematical formula was created to explain the components (K= à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¾/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ CH(R+D)/i=1). Kindness means that compassion (C), humility (H), dignity (D), and respect (R) equal the sum of everything together set in motion by just one person for all time. The four virtues are explained in the following manner. Compassion is empathy and caring about the feelings of others. Humility is to be humble, not boastful or arrogant. Respect is to treat others with courtesy and honour. Dignity is being worthy to be honoured or esteemed. Put simply, kindness is the conscious act of engaging others in a positive way without asking whether those individuals deserve to be treated kindly. All living beings thrive on kindness. A single, sincere compliment can turn a persons entire world around. Holding a door or thanking someone who has held a door for you can inspire others to practice politeness and make already kind individuals feel good about their efforts. Smiling at people you meet-even those who make you feel like frowning-can turn a dreary encounter into a delightful one, for both of you. Every kind act has a positive influence on the individual who has performed said act as well as on the recipient, regardless of whether the act is acknowledged. Kindness brings about more kindness and slowly but surely takes a positive toll on humanity. Kindness to an Individual and in a Group: Genuine and unassuming kindness is one trait that people never fail to undervalue. As someone said, kindness is like snow it beautifies everything it covers. Kindness is the elixir to happy life. Hence, a positive impact of kindness is to be seen; whether its to an individual or once one is kind to others in a group. Kindness is all pervasive, it instils warmth in everyone to whom its meted out to, and its difficult for anyone to stay indifferent. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Of neighbourhoods, kindness is the most beautiful. How can the man be considered wise who when he had the choice does not settle in kindness. ~ Confucius We would try to review different literature forms, for instance from contemporary art form (books and movies) to different mythological sources for finding reference of kindness there. Lets start with contemporary works, a book on kindness. A Short Course in Kindness by Margot Silk Forrest: This wonderful little book is full of stories that inspires and motivates, that are thought provoking and gives perfectly plausible ideas to make world a kinder place. Margot Silk Forrest in her book says Kindness is the wise use of the heart. A purely heartfelt action wont necessary be a kind one it could be misguided or uninformed. It takes wisdom and heart to notice when someone needs our help and to see what kind of help they need. Kindness wont necessarily be kindness if it is not put to use. Action is required. Thinking kind thoughts is all well and good. It will calm and purify your mind stream. But at some point, we have to get up and act on our kind intentions  [7]  . Its this message of moving from kind thoughts to real actions that makes this book different and a fun read. Kindness in Sacred Scriptures: Without a single exception, all sacred scriptures talk about kindness to fellow beings and to the greater environment in varying extent. For instance, Colossians 3:12 from the New Living Translation Bible says: Since God chose you to be the holy people he loves, you must clothe yourselves with tenderhearted mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience. Citing from the Holy Quran, it talks about Prophet Muhammad being the embodiment of mercy and he showed compassion and kindness to all those around him family, orphans, friends, strangers and even enemies.   Quran says Prophet even emphasized kind treatment of environment and animals, with respect and mercy.   He taught his followers that because animals were part of Gods creation they must be treated with dignity and due care. Following is our reference for the same, a citation from Quran 21:07. And We have sent you O Muhammad not but as a mercy for all of humankind, jinn, and all that exists. Similarly, we understand kindness we realize the very purpose of life is to be happy. We desire contentment and thats from the very core of our being. His Holiness Dalai Lama says the more we care for the happiness of others, the greater is our own sense of well-being. Cultivating a close, warm hearted feeling for others automatically puts the mind at ease. It helps remove whatever fears or insecurities we may have and gives us the strength to cope with any obstacles we encounter. It is the principal source of success in life. Since we are not solely material creatures, it is a mistake to place all our hopes for happiness on external development alone. The key is to develop inner peace.  [8]  Even according to the sacred texts of Hinduism, kindness and hospitality are considered key values. Its a cardinal virtue and finds mention in Vedas the Hindu holy scriptures. Kindness is one of the four virtues in Buddhism that if practiced has the power to cause the practitioner to be re-born into a Brahma Realm. According to the Buddhist scripts, these virtues are highly regarded as powerful antidotes to negative mental states (non-virtues) such as avarice, anger and pride.  [9]   Kindness in Modern Art (movies): Lage Raho Munna Bhai: A study on any behaviour can never be complete without taking into consideration the popular impact. Many movies with Kindness as their theme have been made. We would do a small case study on the hindi movie Lage Raho Munnabhai (2006) as it had kindness and non-violence has its theme and comment on the results of a survey, presented in the following pages. EMPERICAL STUDY: To study the behaviour of kindness and how people view it, we have adopted the method of survey. A questionnaire comprising 14 questions was circulated among the students of XLRI, with 80 students taking the survey and responding.  [10]  The survey questionnaire was designed so as to reflect different aspects of the Kindness behaviour and how people react to and practise it, against an individual or in a group. The questionnaire also tried to take opinions on first what they think is kindness and also, the concept of being kind to be oneself, as against being to an individual or kindness in a group. Also, a case in the form of hindi movie Lage Raho Munnabhai was given and the survey included 3 questions on the same. We would take the survey results in the next section as we analyze them. FINDINGS OF STUDY AND GENERALIZATION: Let us analyze the findings from the results of the survey. We would do so by taking blocks of questions of varying size. How important do you think kindness to others is in your day to day life? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=0000e0chl=Not%20Important%20%5B2%5D%7CImportant%20%5B41%5D%7CVery%20Important%20%5B37%5Dchd=e%3ABmgydl Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Not Important 2 3 Important 41 51 Very Important 37 46 Total Responses 80 100% The first question of the survey, tried to assess how important individuals think kindness to others is. Results are along the expected line, with 97% respondents attributing varying degree of importance to kindness. This goes on to show that people lay great emphasis on kindness and value it quite a lot. Do you think people who love you, do so because you are kind and compassionate towards them? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=ff9900chl=Yes%20%5B30%5D%7CNo%20%5B17%5D%7CMay%20be%20%5B33%5Dchd=e%3AX.NmaZ Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Yes 30 38 No 17 21 May be 33 41 Total Responses 80 100% Does kindness promotes peace and friendship? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=d00000chl=Yes%20%5B69%5D%7CNo%20%5B3%5D%7CMay%20be%20%5B8%5Dchd=e%3A3LCZGZ Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Yes 69 86 No 3 4 May be 8 10 Total Responses 80 100% Do you think your kindness towards people who dont really like you, would bring about a change in their attitude towards you (for instance, from hostility to friendliness)? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=dcca02chl=Yes%20%5B38%5D%7CNo%20%5B9%5D%7CMay%20be%20%5B33%5Dchd=e%3AeZHMaZ Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Yes 38 48 No 9 11 May be 33 41 Total Responses 80 100% Do you make a conscious effort to be kind to others? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=00d000chl=Yes%20%5B37%5D%7CNo%20%5B12%5D%7CSometimes%20%5B31%5Dchd=e%3AdlJmYy Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Yes 37 46 No 12 15 Sometimes 31 39 Total Responses 80 100% How do you feel about yourself after a random act of kindness? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=9601acchl=Good%20%5B67%5D%7CBad%20%5B0%5D%7CIndifferent%20%5B13%5Dchd=e%3A1lAAKZ Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Yes 67 84 No 0 0 Sometimes 13 16 Total Responses 80 100% In todays competitive world, do you think kindness as an organizational behaviour makes sense? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=0000e0chl=Yes%20%5B53%5D%7CNo%20%5B7%5D%7CMay%20be%20%5B20%5Dchd=e%3AqYFmP. Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Yes 53 66 No 7 9 May be 20 25 Total Responses 80 100% Is there any correlation in the performance (and growth) in an organization of an employee because of the kindness he/she shows towards his/her colleagues? Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) High Positive Corelation 12 15 Mild Positive Corelation 52 65 Zero Corelation 11 14 Mild Negative Corelation 3 4 High Negative Corelation 2 3 Total Responses 80 100% Do you think you are kind to yourself and do activities that are not in conflict with what your heart says? https://www.google.com/chart?cht=pchs=345150chco=d00000chl=Yes%20%5B39%5D%7CNo%20%5B41%5Dchd=e%3AfMgy Response Choices No. of Responses Percentage (%) Yes 39 49 No 41 51 Total Responses 80 100%

Frank Lloyd Wright: A Comparison Of His Early Works With His Projects :: essays research papers

Frank Lloyd Wright: A Comparison of his Early Work with His Projects in Alabama   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time has ravaged many of the greatest works of art that mankind has created but one form of art has far outlasted all of the rest. Architecture is the art of buildings but it spills over into designing furniture, bridges, and even cities. There have been many great architects, from the classical builders of ancient Rome and Greece to the Modernists of the last century. All of these men were great in their own right but perhaps the most famous architect ever is Frank Lloyd Wright.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is it that makes an architect stand out from the others in the field? It is a combination of older comfortable designs and cutting edge techniques. Also, it takes a certain amount of perfectionism in even the smallest details such as window design, furniture, and even the types of stones that make up a walkway.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is it that gives an architect that creative genius to be remembered as one of the greatest? Is it learning from other greats and implementing their ideas into new designs? Is it taking designs from nature and turning them into great manmade monuments? Is it turning experiences from life into blueprints that will continue to inspire for years to come? The answer is impossible to find by examining only one architect but some insight may be gained by examining the life and training of the architect and by comparing the early works with the later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first work to be examined is Taliesin. Located in Hillside, Wisconsin and begun in 1911. Taliesin was built as a lasting monument to his lover, Mamah Borthwick ( Cheney ). It was named after a medieval epic poem from Wales called â€Å" The Book Of Taliesin.† It was built at a time in Wright’s life when his personal and professional lives were nearly in ruins. He referred to Taliesin as a â€Å" refuge and retreat for the woman, the work, and himself.†(Levine 76) When Wright began building Taliesin he had turned over control of his architectural firm to Hermann von Holst and had finally been granted a divorce from his tumultuous marriage to his first wife, Catherine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These demons that haunted Wright can be seen in his design for Taliesin and the way he threw himself head long into the completion of the project. Throughout the design for the house Wright mixes elements of the natural landscape to strengthen the lines of the house and to bring out it’s natural beauty.

Decriminalization of Marijuana

Darnell Taylor M. Channing English 1B March 5, 2013 Decriminalization of Marijuana As I researched the internet for information about the decriminalization of marijuana, I found so much information concerning this project that it was hard putting together some thoughts. Through my research of the different topics I came to the conclusion that the ones I am writing about seem to be the most important concerning the decriminalization of marijuana. Should a person go to jail for smoking marijuana? A lot of people would say no, a person should not go to jail for smoking it.Marijuana is not a narcotic, such as heroin, or a stimulant like caffeine or tobacco, or a depressant, like alcohol. It would be easy to say marijuana is less of a threat to a person’s health than alcohol or tobacco. Marijuana became illegal on August 2, 1937 with the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act. Discrimination and racism played a big part in this because it was said that Blacks and other minorities were th e majority of marijuana users. Politicians and lack of understanding of the drug is why marijuana is still illegal today.The scientific name for marijuana is cannabis. There are two main strains of marijuana and they are called Indica and Sativa. Cannabis is known in the streets, by many other names such as dank, bud, buddha, maryjane, weed, or reefer, and has been used medically since the beginning of civilization. The oldest known evidence of cannabis use comes from a tomb in the African country of Egypt, where cannabis was found in big bundles beside the tomb. In Canada, a high-level public official said the current marijuana prohibition was not working for the benefit of that country .The number of known marijuana users has grown from 55,000 to 350 million, a fact showing that prohibition of marijuana is not working. The big push for the United States to decriminalize marijuana started in the 1970’s, when almost half the states either approved it for medical use, decrimin alized it, or completely legalized it. The people for decriminalization argue that legalizing cannabis would free up billions of dollars that we now use to prosecute users, pay for a large portion of law enforcement resources, and pay for large amounts of prison resources.It would reduce the income of street gangs and organized crime that grow, import, process, and sell illegal marijuana. With decriminalization and regulation it would provide large amounts of tax revenue and reduce enforcement costs, with little or no effect on how much is used. Decriminalization would lower the number of non-violent offenders in the prisons. The number of marijuana possession cases would also decline allowing less pressure on the Criminal Justice system. Decriminalization and legalization of marijuana are favored just because it is believed that a person’s rights should be respected.How a person lives his life, as long as he’s not hurting others, should be allowed. Users wouldnâ€℠¢t have to be scared of getting caught’ a person’s life would not be ruined for having a small amount of marijuana. A person wouldn’t lose his job because he had a little marijuana. College careers wouldn’t be ruined because of marijuana possession. The opposition also argues that cannabis on the streets today has a higher percentage of THC (the primary intoxicant), than in cannabis of an earlier time and that decriminalization will lead to more usage, more crime, and more abuse of dangerous illicit drugs.The Legal History of Marijuana in the United States: Decriminalization (1970-2000s) Check all the places that have decriminalized non-medical marijuana in the United States. Most of the states are in favor of decriminalization. They have started programs such as Drug Education or Drug Treatment in place of jail time or criminal charges for possession of small amounts of marijuana. This offense is now the lowest priority for law enforcement. In 1972, Pres ident Richard Nixon set up a committee to study marijuana use.The Commission found out that the fairness of cannabis prohibition was unclear, and that the Executive and Legislative branches had a responsibility to obey the Constitution. Even in the absence of a court ruling to do so, they did not put the study’s recommendations in action. In 1973, Oregon became the first state to decriminalize marijuana. In 1974, a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, chaired by Senator James O. Eastland on the Marijuana-Hashish Epidemic and its impact on United States security said that evidence collected on marijuana had turned against this drug.By 1978 Alaska, California, Colorado, Mississippi, New York, Nebraska, North Carolina, and Ohio had some form of marijuana decriminalization. Certain cities and countries, especially in California, had adopted laws to further push decriminalized cannabis. When speaking against decriminalization, a 1974 study by the United States government and end orsed by then-President Ronald Reagan is being used. The results claim that in a test using monkeys, loss of brain cells was discovered. Unknown to the public was that this story was totally unfair.The monkeys were made to wear gas masks and marijuana was then pumped into their lungs non-stop for 5 minutes at a time with no fresh oxygen. It was a miracle the monkeys didn’t die and suffered only brain damage in this act of animal cruelty. Another study published in ‘The Journal of Clinical Investigation† shows that cannabis use actually stimulates cell development. It is not possible to overdose on marijuana, unlike most prescription and illegal drugs. Marijuana has yet to be proven addictive or deadly.No deaths have been linked to marijuana use. It has no known lethal dose. Health issues and family responsibilities, not legal issues, are reasons given for stopping or never starting the use of marijuana. Even the thought of it being a â€Å"gateway† drug is controversial. Research shows the real â€Å"gateway† is the illegal drug market. The â€Å"gateway† effect for marijuana could be because exposure to other illegal drugs when buying marijuana â€Å"on the streets† increases the opportunity to use other illegal drugs.Several states have taken steps about the marijuana issue by decriminalizing the possession of small amounts of the drug, reducing sanctions for amounts suitable for personal use. For marijuana that means one ounce or less. In recent history, there have been a lot of unsuccessful attempts to decriminalize cannabis. In 1974, Dr. Robert DuPont, the White House Drug Czar, began to publicly support the decriminalization of marijuana. When DuPont left government he changed his mind, seeing marijuana as a health problem and declaring â€Å"decriminalization is a bad idea†.Robert DuPont is still an active opponent of the decriminalization of marijuana. A law to legalize marijuana state-wide was put on the California Ballot in 1972. Proposition 19 was rejected by 66 percent of the votes. The Initiative reads as follows: 1. No person in the State of California, 18 years or older shall be punished, or be denied any right or privilege, by reason of such person’s planting, cultivating, harvesting, drying, processing, otherwise transporting, or possessing marijuana. 2.This provision shall in no way be construed to repeal existing legislation, or limit the enactment of future legislation, prohibiting persons under the influence of marijuana from engaging in conduct that endangers others. In Gonzales vs. Raich the courts ruled in a 6-3 decision that the Commerce Clause and the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution allowed the Federal government to ban the use of cannabis (including medical use) because Federal law is â€Å"supreme† and overrules State law.Further legalization of cannabis came in 2012 as two of three things to vote on were put on the general ballot of November 6th and were successful by wide margins. Washington’s Initiative 502 (2011) and Colorado’s Amendment 64 (2012) passed in the general election, as Oregon’s Ballot Measure 80 (2012) failed. Both of the successful measures restricted cannabis possession to adults aged 21 or over, restricted the total amount allowed and included a â€Å"DUID† (Driving under the Influence of Drugs) provision against driving under the influence of marijuana.Both specifically regulated cannabis much like hard liquor has been since the end of prohibition in the United States and avoided any changes to medical marijuana law. Initiative 502 defined marijuana based on its THC content and controlled all growth; processing and sales of marijuana based on its THC content and controlled all growth, processing and sale of marijuana under the Washington State Liquor Control Board, with restrictions against public consumption. The Colorado Measure allowed â€Å"private grows† in addition to commercial regulation.The failed Oregon law established a new State agency to regulate and tax cannabis but was less specific and allowed possession for all adults, aged 18 or older. Illegal marijuana cost taxpayers $7. 5 billion a year (enforcement, prosecution, incarceration and monitoring). It also makes growing hemp, which can be used to make cloth, paper and rope, against the law. When imported from places like Canada, Russia, and China hemp products are legal. In 1645 hemp was a cash crop in America and Europeans were growing it before that. Almost one million people a year are in trouble with the law, about marijuana. 15 billion a year goes to the â€Å"War on Marijuana†, which doesn’t look too successful. Decriminalization will reduce these numbers. There is little proof that decriminalization of marijuana use leads to an increase in marijuana use. Almost one million people a year are in trouble with the law, about marijuana. $15 bil lion a year goes to the â€Å"War on Marijuana†, which doesn’t look too successful. Decriminalization would reduce these numbers. In January, 2011, first year Arizona Republican Legislator John Fillmore introduced House Bill 2228.This bill would decriminalize marijuana possession of 2 ounces or less to a petty offense with a penalty no more than a $100 fine, similar to the laws in Colorado and California. On January 1, 1975, Senate Bill 95 made possession of under one ounce of marijuana for non-medical use punishable by a $100 fine; tougher punishments exists for amounts of more than an ounce, possession on school grounds, or violation of marijuana laws for sales or cultivation. If the offender is under the age of 21, his or her Driver’s License may be suspended for up to one year.In Mendocino County, voters in 2000 approved Measure G, which called for the decriminalization of marijuana when used, or cultivated for personal use. Measure G passed with a 58 percen t majority vote, making it the first county in the United States to declare prosecution of small-scale cannabis offenses The â€Å"lowest priority† for law enforcement. Measure G does not protect individuals who cultivate, transport, or possess marijuana for sale. Measure G was passed at the local government level making it law only in Mendocino County and does not affect existing state or federal laws.On September 30, 2010 California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed into law, S. B. 1449. A bill that decriminalizes the possession of up to one ounce of marijuana. The bill reduces simple possession from a misdemeanor to an infraction. This would eliminate the need to appear in court and would treat possession of less than 28. 5 grams like a traffic ticket, punishable by a $100 fine. Also in 2010, Proposition 19, titled the â€Å"Regulate, Control, and Tax Act 2010†, qualified for the November California Ballot. It was rejected by 54 percent of the voters.The Initiat ive would have legalized the recreational use of marijuana and its activities in the state of California. It would have let local governments to regulate and tax the cannabis market. In Colorado marijuana has helped the state economically with millions of dollars in revenue generated with the legalization of marijuana for adult use, regulating and taxing it the same way alcohol is regulated. Before November 6, 2012 the cities of Breckenridge and Denver, Colorado had passed Measures to make possession of up to one ounce of marijuana legal, even though possession was still a crime under tate and federal laws. Amendment 64 to the Colorado Constitution, which passed November 6, 2012, legalized recreational marijuana use under State law. In 2006 Amendment 44 was rejected by 59 percent of the voting population. Amendment 44 would have legalized possession of 28. 45 grams (approximately one ounce) or less by adults 21 or older. California is estimated to have saved a billion dollars in a t welve year period between 1976 and1988 as a result of decriminalizing marijuana. In 2003 the United States spent $12. billion on law enforcement and court costs; and $16. 9 billion in penitentiary costs, with Alaska spending as much as $25 to $30million per year enforcing marijuana prohibition laws. There is little proof that decriminalization of marijuana use leads to an increase in marijuana use. The cost of arresting and prosecuting marijuana offenders were lower instates where possession of marijuana in small amounts had been decriminalized. In places where marijuana possession is still a criminal offense and not decriminalized, there has been an increase in marijuana use.In countries where marijuana has been decriminalized there are lower rates of drug use when compared to countries where marijuana possession in small amounts is still a criminal offense punished by jail time. In 2006, marijuana was the top cash crop in 12 states, one of the top 3 cash crops in 30 states and one of the top 5 cash crops in 39 states. United States marijuana production is estimated at $35 billion annually. Some Health Benefits of Marijuana Use Should marijuana still be illegal in the United States based on its health effects, medicinal value and costs to the country?Some people suffering from afflictions have to break the law to relieve chronic pain. 1. For asthma and the common cough – Marijuana is one of the best dilators of the bronchioles (The first passageways by which the air passes through the nose to the air sacs of the lungs). 2. For AIDS Wasting Syndrome and Eating Disorders – Where â€Å"munchies† from smoking marijuana increases the user’s appetite. 3. For Crohn’s Disease, Cancer, and Migraines – Marijuana’s pain relieving qualities help. 4. For ADD and ADHD – Besides being an alternative to Ritalin, marijuana helps without any of the Ritalin side effects. . Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Reduces pain in severe cases of PMS. 6. Tourette’s and OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) – Marijuana slows down the tics in people that have Tourette’s and the symptoms of the people with OCD. 7. For Anxiety-Marijuana calms 8. Hepatitis C-Marijuana helps improve drug therapy treatment 9. Marijuana also helps with Schizophrenia, Epilepsy, Depression, and Multiple Sclerosis. I tried to give as much information as I could to let you know what’s going on. I hope I did that. Works Cited â€Å"Decriminalization of Marijuana†, Lawrence, B. K. Studymode. com, 6 May 2005, http://www. 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