Business Operations of Material Handling

This examination gives a diagram of an exploration venture expecting to evaluate just as oversee dangers related with the activities of material taking care of framework in the business setting. In this way, this examination gives brief layout of the exploration issue alongside setting up research point and targets. In addition, this examination likewise shows a short thought with respect to the philosophies to be utilized in the task. The significant point of this exploration is to evaluate just as oversee dangers related with the business tasks of the Material Handling frameworks. The significant targets related with this exploration are to To survey the dangers related with the business activities of MHS To investigate the techniques through the issues with MHS can be tended to To show how the hazard the executives plan of MHS moderate the business issues Information assortment approach can be named as the methodology to gather and measure information over the focused on factors in a deliberate way. Information Collection Methods can be ordered into two gatherings, for example, Primary and Secondary Data Collection Methods (Mackey and Gass, 2015). Essential Data Collection procedure manages directing polls, meetings or overviews with a little gathering of people. Additionally, Secondary Data Collection strategies use the past explores to accumulate information from a few sources, for example, articles, peer-assessed diaries and others (Chang et al., 2013). In any case, Primary Data Collection strategy would be used by leading review among close around 50 workers who are related with the assembling of MHS. Information Analysis strategy is the procedure of reviewing, purging, changing and demonstrating information with the plan to help dynamic, find supportive subtleties and recommend ends. Subjective and Quantitative Data Analysis procedures are two significant classifications of Data Analysis technique (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). Subjective Data Analysis strategy is the scope of procedures whereby specialist moves from the information assembled into certain types of clarification, comprehension or translation of researched situations (Flick, 2015). Besides, Quantitative Data Analysis is such a deliberate method of examination procedures during gathering numerical information, which permits analyst changing what is seen inside the numerical information. This, quantitative information investigation technique would be chosen for dissecting the numerical information assembled from study led among 50 workers who are related with the assembling of MHS. Fitting Research Technique Selection Investigation and Interpretation of Data Collection technique Subsequent to plotting the examination proposition, it very well may be expressed that the dangers related with the tasks of MHS would be evaluated and overseen appropriately dependent on this blueprint. In addition, this hazard evaluation and the board would likewise assist the specialist with resolving the business issues with MHS. Chang, Q., Pan, C., Xiao, G., and Biller, S. (2013). Incorporated demonstrating of car sequential construction system with material handling. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,â 135(1), 011018. Ezema, C. N., Okafor, E. C., and Okezie, C. C. (2016). Mechanical Design and Simulation of a JIT Material Handling System. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science,â 1(6), 52-57. Fekete, P., Lim, S., Martin, S., Kuhn, K., and Wright, N. (2015). Consolidated Energy and Process Simulation to Foster Efficiency in Non-mechanized Material Handling System Design. Studies in Engineering and Technology,â 3(1), 28-39. Felshin, M., Frenkel, I., and Khvatskin, L. (2016, February). Accessibility and Unloading Capacity Assessment of Multi-state Material Handling System, Operate in a Stochastic Environment and Material Handling Stochastic Demand. In Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO), 2016 Second International Symposium onâ (pp. 357-364). IEEE. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing exploration system: A tenderfoot's manual for doing an examination venture. Sage. Mackey, An., and Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and plan. Routledge. Early afternoon, J., Nelson, C. An., and Oleynikov, D. (2013). Upgrades in automated regular opening medical procedure with a novel material taking care of system. Surgical endoscopy,â 27(9), 3474-3477. Padole, A. K. G. S. (2014). Plan AND ANALYSIS OF DUMP VALVE IN ASH HANDLING SYSTEM USING PRO-E AND ANSYS SOFTWARE. International Journal of Innovation in Engineering Research and Management ISSN 2348-4918, ISO 2000-9001 confirmed, E,â 1(2), 1-7. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., and DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to subjective exploration strategies: A manual and asset. John Wiley and Sons. Wang, C. N., Lin, H. S., Hsu, H. P., Wang, Y. H., and Chang, Y. P. (2016, April). The Preemptive Stocker Dispatching Rule of Automatic Material Handling System in 300 mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Factories. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 710, No. 1, p. 012033). IOP Publishing.

Jane Ayre Analysis Essays - English-language Films, British Films

Jane Ayre Analysis English 360 Last Draft/Paper 1 February 25, 1999 Jane Eyre - Analysis of Nature Charlotte Bronte utilizes nature symbolism all through Jane Eyre, and remarks on both the human relationship with the outside and human instinct. Coming up next are models from the novel that display the significance of nature during that timeframe. A few common subjects go through the novel, one of which is the picture of a turbulent ocean. After Jane spares Rochester's life, she gives us the accompanying representation of their relationship: Till morning unfolded I was hurled on a light yet uneasy ocean . . . I thought some of the time I saw past its wild waters a shore . . . occasionally a renewing storm, aroused by trust, bore my soul triumphantly towards the bourne: yet . . . a neutralizing breeze brushed off land, and persistently drove me back(Bront? 159). The storm is all the powers that forestall Jane's association with Rochester. Bront? infers that Jane's sentiments about the ocean driving her back help her to remember her ardent feelings of a rough relationship with Rochester and as yet being moved back to him. Another repetitive picture is Bront's? treatment of Birds. We first observer Jane's interest when she peruses Bewick's History of British Birds as a youngster. She peruses of death-white domains and 'the single rocks and projections' of ocean fowl. One can perceive how Jane relates to the fledgling. For her it is a type of break, hovering over the drudges of consistently life. A few times the storyteller discusses taking care of winged creatures scraps. Maybe Bront? is revealing to us that this thought of getaway is close to a dream one can't get away from when one must return for fundamental food. The connection among Jane and feathered creatures is reinforced by the way Bront? adumbrates poor nourishment at Lowood through a winged animal who is portrayed as a little ravenous robin. Bront? brings the light ocean subject and the winged animal topic together in the section portraying the main canvas of Jane's that Rochester analyzes. This work of art delineates a fierce ocean with a submerged boat, and on the pole roosts a cormorant with a gold wristband in its mouth, obviously taken from a suffocating body. While the symbolism is maybe too uncertain to even consider affording a careful understanding, a potential clarification can be gotten from the setting of past medicines of these subjects. The ocean is without a doubt an analogy for Rochester and Jane's relationship, as we have just observed. Rochester is regularly portrayed as a dim and risky man, which fits the resemblance of a cormorant; almost certainly, Bront? considers him to be the ocean flying creature. As we will see later, Jane experiences a kind of emblematic passing, so it bodes well for her to speak to the suffocated body. The gold arm band can be the virtue and blamelessness of the old Jane that Rochester figured out how to catch before she left him. Having built up a portion of the nature topics in Jane Eyre, we would now be able to take a gander at the common foundation of the novel: the section between her departure from Thornfield and her acknowledgment into Morton. In leaving Thornfield, Jane has cut off the entirety of her associations; she has sliced through any umbilical line. She describes: Not a bind holds me to human culture at this moment(Bront? 340). After just taking a little package with her from Thornfield, she leaves even that in the mentor she leases. Gone are for the most part references to Rochester, or even her previous existence. A reasonable courageous woman may have gone to discover her uncle, yet Jane expected to abandon her previous lifestyle. Jane is looking for an arrival to the belly of the unstoppable force of life: I have no family member however the widespread mother, Nature: I will look for her bosom and ask repose(Bront? 340). We perceive how she looks for insurance as she scans for a resting place: I struck straight into the heath; I clutched an empty I saw profoundly wrinkling the earthy colored moorside; I swam knee-somewhere down in its dim development; I turned with its turnings, and finding a greenery darkened rock ridge in a shrouded edge, I plunked down under it. High banks of field were about me; the bluff secured my head: the sky was over that (Bront? 340). It is the

Buy an Interview Essay with Proper Content and Great Structure

Buy an Interview Essay with Proper Content and Great Structure Buy an Interview Essay How to Write an Interview Essay: a Strategic Plan that Works Although you may seem to have no idea about how to write an interview essay, this type of writing is actually already familiar to you. In fact, interview essay samples can be found in mass media quite often, for example, in magazine articles or TV show; interviews with celebrities refer to this format. As we all know, any interview involves a dialogue between two parties, the interviewer and the interviewee, and an interview paper reflects on this dialogue correspondingly. As a rule, an interview essay is written to discuss a certain issue from the perspective of a particular person, who is qualified in this sphere or whose opinion matters for the audience. In some cases, however, the interview may focus on the individual experience of a person, which serves the purpose of sharing ones story with the audience. In either case, interview essay questions need to be prepared beforehand, and it should be done based on the papers purpose and format.

Stakeholders Of The Hospital s Internal And External...

Stakeholders are individuals who are involved in, have a vested interest in, or a â€Å"stake† in the success of an organization (Merriam-Webster, 2011), such as a hospital. Dr. DoRight is an influential decision maker as the President of the Universal Human Care Hospital and it is important for him to consider how his decisions and actions affect the stakeholders of the hospital. In the course of his daily activities Dr. Do Right will interact and impact many of the hospital’s internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are be committed to an organization’s success. Often internal stakeholders will participate in the strategic development of coordinating resources to fund and sustain an operation. Examples of internal stakeholders which Dr. DoRight might engage daily would be: Director of Public Health, Head of Health Intelligence and Information, Director of Nursing, Public Health Strategists, Vice President of Human Relations or Members of the Bo ard of Trustees (Markwell, 2010). External stakeholders are not directly connected to the organization; however, they are vested in the hospital’s success as clients, business or community partners. These stakeholders have influence over organizational activities by contributing their views and experiences related to issues which are important to them. Medical providers or suppliers, Patient Advocacy Groups, Quality Assessors, the Media, and Heads of Local Community and Special Interest Groups are examples of externalShow MoreRelatedStakeholders Of Stakeholders And Stakeholders Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesStakeholders A stakeholder (1) is a party that has an interest in a company, and can either affect or be affected by the business. Stakeholders are the primary source to gather information for what the requirements of the system is. The stakeholders could be varied kinds of group, could be a small group or large group which is determined by the nature and scope of the system. As an instance, when executing a booking dental appointment system for a public hospital, the patients, dentists, the dentistRead MoreIdentifying The Various Types Of Health Care Facilities979 Words   |  4 Pagesfacilities, emergency medical services‎, hospice, hospitals, acute care facilities, adult daycare center, ambulatory care, community health center, community therapeutic care facility, convenient care clinic, doctor s office, and inpatient care. Also, we have long-term acute care facility, and nursing home care, and outpatient clinic (hospital department) and primary healthcare facility and walk-in clinic f acility. In my immediate community, we have two hospitals, two express care facilities and long-termRead MoreLeg 500: Assignment 3: Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility1802 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent internal and external stakeholders that Dr. DoRight might have to deal with on a daily basis at the hospital. Stakeholders are individuals who are involved in, have a vested interest in, or a â€Å"stake† in the success of an organization (Merriam-Webster, 2011), such as a hospital. Dr. DoRight is an influential decision maker as the President of the Universal Human Care Hospital and it is important for him to consider how his decisions and actions affect the stakeholders of the hospital. In theRead MoreMarketing Of Health Care Services1287 Words   |  6 Pagessales. Although the 1950’s is considered to be the beginning of the marketing era, it was not until the 1980’s that marketing was considered to have begun in healthcare, other than the pharmaceutical industry (Thomas, 2005). In the 1950s, the United States Economy was geared toward production and emphasized the interests of the producer over those of the consumer. Individuals had the mindset that a good product would sell for itself so there was no need for marketing. Hospitals and physicians for theRead MoreStanford Hospitals And Clinics ( Shc )1066 Words   |  5 PagesStanford Hospitals and Clinics (SHC) is a world renowned academic health system that is comprised of 386 primary and specialty care clinics and the 476 bed Stanford Hospital (US News World, 2015). The hospital and most clinics are situated in Stanford, California or the surrounding cities. The mission of SHC is â€Å"to care, to educate, and to discover for the benefit of patients and the larger community† (Denend, Mendelson Zenios, 2010). 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In fact, proper nutrition extends the life and health of even the most elderly patients (Olin, 1996). Unfortunately, this realization is often not appreciated within hospitals as the majority of hospital patients lose weight while at the hospital (Dupertuis, 2003). While at firstRead MoreThe Pressures on Healthcare Organizations1910 Words   |  8 Pages this is so critical that reports from the Institute of Medicine suggest that almost 60 per cent of medical errors related to hospital deaths in the United States could have been prevented with a proper safety protocol and change of procedure (Institute of Medicine, 2000). Situation Universal Human Care Hospital has 5,000 employees and a 20,000 patient capacity hospital. Dr. DoRight has been hired President of the organization and given a broad set of duties to oversee all medical services, businessRead MoreThe Nursing Profession: Patient Rights and Patient Welfare Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesmentoring, and orientation schedules and calendars so new hires are lined up with experienced nursing staff (Morrow, 2009). Description of the health care setting and communication networks. The hospital environment is a non-profit critical access hospital in a rural area. The nursing unit within the hospital is medical surgical specialty unit. There are18 beds in this unit that manage acute medical surgical patients and swing bed patients with a vast range of diagnoses and care requirements. The medical-surgicalRead MoreThe Importance Of Making A Business Case For Developing Cns Led Interventions844 Words   |  4 Pagescomplexity of care, declining reimbursement for services and increased accountability for patient outcomes, attention is focused on quality outcomes that yield a financial return on investment for the patient and the healthcare organization. While hospital leadership may embrace evidence-based practice, a mission critical environment requires making the business case for implementing evidence-based interventions by justifying the potential for cost savings. In order to demonstrate a r eturn on investment

The Undeniable Reality About Language and Gender Essay Topics That Nobody Is Telling You

The Undeniable Reality About Language and Gender Essay Topics That Nobody Is Telling You New Ideas Into Language and Gender Essay Topics Never Before Revealed It is crucial to eat healthier and make great choices when deciding what things to place in your body. The benefits of knowing sign language along with a spoken language are many. A man utilizing feminine speech may be considered effeminate or homosexual, but his utterances wouldn't be considered grammatically incorrect. In so many regions of the Earth, English is the frequent language that's spoken and whenever you have a command of the English language, travelling and interacting with individuals of different nationalities can become easier and more enjoyable. The paper intends to decide if a greater proportion of adolescents from a location of socioeconomic disadvantage have low language scores compared with adolescents from a comparatively advantaged place. With regard to educational significance, educators may som etimes wish to group girls with different girls and boys with different boys to ensure girls actively take part in classroom activities. All children are different and learn how to read at their own speed. Consider how small children learn language for the very first moment. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Be sure to understand what exactly you desire to do from your essay. Your essay needs to have an appropriate introduction, body and conclusion. Written-from-scratch customized essay example on the subject of gender inequalities. Where to Find Language and Gender Essay Topics On of them is the simple fact it has resulted in the extinction of minor languages within a specific country. As an example, in the modern world, it is nearly impossible to have a whole conversation for two people from two distinct nations, for example one from Iran and the other one from China, since they don't have any languages in common. The Engli sh language is among the languages most commonly spoken around the world and is the major language of contact in the world small business world. Making English an official language will cover the matter, saving the government a great deal of money. As it's mentioned in last paragraph, acquiring a universal language makes it less difficult for all people to communicate. Some people developed the thought of having a universal language. If you've taken stock of different speakers' sentence types, you acquire an insight in the other speaker's perceived self-image and a notion of different people's objectives. Thus, all deaf people today are bilingual should they use sign language along with lip-reading. Ruthless Language and Gender Essay Topics Strategies Exploited Wherever and whenever you're communicating, understanding the differences can boost your capability to communicate. If you're an English speaker you've always referred to creatures with the. One other important fea ture they have in common is structure. One other important benefit of C is its capacity to extend itself. There are a few normal rules for IELTS Examiners that they must follow everywhere. Some students don't tend to concentrate on language skills in addition to they should. If you find yourself with a high score in IELTS, then there are a lot of doors open for you in the event you need to study in Canada, Australia or another country. Students should always arrive first. Lawyers will need to find out more about language. Language has been a substantial issue for Chinese immigrants in the usa. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Language and Gender Essay Topics Is Wrong The absolute most important period in a youngster's life for language acquisition is the initial 3 decades. At precisely the same time, try to remember that details mean everything. The response will be dependent on a great deal of factors but it is a subject work considering, particularly if you're getting to a place where you feel your business has grown enough to warrant getting help. Whenever your company is successful and starts to grow to the point in which you feel you will need some help, it's important to take some time to locate the suitable person or people to assist you. Syntax Similar differences are observed in the usage of grammatical forms. Because of the availability of many functions, the programming task gets simp le. Think of Google Translate or Siri, and attempt to understand everything it requires to turn a very simple sentence in English into a message that could be processed by means of a computer. Sign language does not have any written component.

The problem between students and the text exams. Free Essays

The problem between students and the text exams is that, somehow exam sometimes makes the students which, they are taking the exam, make them nerves and they feel that, they are lost in the exam and they should looking for the successful and the easiest way to find their self and how to be the top one in the exam. This paper is about, the situation of taking exams and the advantages and disadvantages of text exams and quiz exams. However, It seems to be that, the only ay to differentiate between the clever students and the lazy one, and If you have a lot of students in one class, for example forty to fifty students in same class, is that, the students have to take the text exams or quiz exams, maybe this is how the teachers or principles think of it, or however, this is the only way to be clear for them which one is the best among them. We will write a custom essay sample on The problem between students and the text exams. or any similar topic only for you Order Now As it show that If you were In a large class of say fifty students then I’m quite sure that you would use testing a lot, not only for speed but also because it’s a way of controlling students, ND let’s be honest, class control is a problem if you have fifty students in the class. So there are good reasons why teachers use tests, but we have to see that they cause more and more learning problems as the students get older (Interviews , 2003, paragraph 8, line 4). As the Interview go on to point out. His Is the only way to separate Clever and Lazy students, and that is all they have to do it. Whatever goes, it is not true to be said that all students are equal or they have the same ability, maybe some are so clever and some others are lazy. But in fact, why students are going to be lazy, I mean what is the reason behind this, maybe those students are not lazy as it seem to be, or they are not lazy In nature. But It must be something that makes some students good and some others bad. Here as It Is clear In the (Interview 1, 2003, paragraph 8, line 1)† But what has made the students lazy? They’ve learned to become compliant, dependent and helpless† as we see it is so clear where are the problems of students being lazy. If you want to help the lazy students, the only way for that is that, starting from the age when they are about to learn things. What has to be said is that, they must be thinks by their own mind, not what they have been told to do, or how they learnt to thinking. However, they have to forget the teacher’s Idea and began with themselves Idea. Paragraph 7, line 5. Moreover, mark is the only things that students tries to take, nothing more. If there are no marks for taking exams, then, there is nothing worth to take exams at all. All students are seeking how they can get more grades, not for learning things, not for developing, Just grades and how to be the top students. The Interview states that o get on with some real learning†¦. But my problem is that I think that what they are also learning are bad learning habits. Let’s be honest here, they’re only learning for the sake of the marks, for the sake of the test. If you take the test away then I can guarantee that they’ll not be bothered to learn as much. Here, as it is mentioned marks are all what students working for it, and that is worth to study for it. Together, this evidence suggests that, there are problems for the text exams for the teachers and students at all. The teachers are doing what the reminisces ordered to them, and the students follows what the teachers touts them. And in another hand which is the big problem is that, a huge number of students in one room or class. That is to say, the resolution or how to fix the problem is that, from the beginning of student’s age should be starting how to be independent and thinking, and a huge numbers of students must be fixed with opening new class for them, and no more than twenty students. For the rules it should be there is a way how to fix it, the way that remove the pressure upon both teachers and students. How to cite The problem between students and the text exams., Essays

Labor Law and Policies in Bahrain and Turkey

Introduction Labor laws also referred to employment laws, are laws that protect the legal rights of employees and their organizations. These are aimed at solving disputes that exist among workers, employers, and unions. Labor laws are divided into two broad categories. The first category is referred to as collective labor laws. These are the laws that address the issues affecting unions, managers, and workers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Labor Law and Policies in Bahrain and Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second category is the individual labor laws. This category of labor laws is mostly concerned with the well-being of employees, their rights at work and their safe working conditions throughout their employment. It is important to note that the working environment is rapidly changing in today’s economic environment. As a result, labor laws have to be constantly reviewed to be up to d ate with the working environment (Neal, 2002). Labor laws differ from one country to another. Although there might be similarities between labor laws of different countries, the laws are generally independent for each nation. In this essay, a comparison between labor laws in the Kingdom of Bahrain and labor laws in Turkey is carried out. More emphasis will be put on labor laws that affect women. Labor Laws in the Kingdom of Bahrain Regarding maternity leave, female employees have the right to get maternity leave whereby they go to deliver and nurture their young ones. The maternity leave should be at least forty-five days long. For those forty-five days, the employee should be on full pay. However, if the 45 days is extended, she may not be on pay for the extra days. When she resumes working, the female employee is given an extra one hour daily. The one hour is given to her for nursing, and it is given for at least two years from the date of delivery (Russell, 2010).  It is mandat ory that all employees should have rest days. As a result, the law provides that workers should work for six days a week. They are also allowed for a vacation during public holidays. There is also a provision for annual leave, which should be a minimum of 21 days per year and 28 days for workers who have served their organizations for over five years. For those who are Muslims, they are allowed two weeks every year to go for their religious duties. In case an employee is sick within the year, they are given a half a month leave. During this leave, they are usually paid in full. In case they stay longer, for the next 20 days they are paid half wage. Any day beyond this is not paid for. The leave can be extended up to 182 days as directed by the medical commission (Information Affairs Authority, 2013).  As regards to wages, women should enjoy equality of pay as their men counterparts. Women should also be allowed equal opportunities as men.Advertising Looking for assessment on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Over the years, there have been imbalances between men and women in the working place. However, recent laws have addressed this issue, and the trend has now improved. There is more representation of women in the high ranks. Women also enjoy more equity as compared to how it used to be in the past (Al Marzouqi Forster, 2001). For the general employment, wages in the Kingdom of Bahrain are defined as the total amount of remuneration that is payable to an employee in the form of cash or any other form as agreed between the two parties (employer and employee). This includes any additional increments, allowances, gratuities, and benefits. The employer does not have the right to exclude specific payments when calculating the employees’ total remuneration since such exclusion is not enforceable under the labor law. However, there are some payments that may be excluded, such as phone bills , car costs and rent among others (Russell, 2010). The directions are given often to set the minimum remuneration for various industries. About recruitment, laws in Bahrain demand that employers should give employment priorities to the Bahrain nationals ahead of other nationals. There are some sectors that have imposed the minimum ratio of Bahrain nationals to non-Bahrain nationals that should be adopted. However, employers should not discriminate employees based on their nationality; neither should they subject employees to any form of unfair treatment (Russell, 2010). On the issue of employment contract, the contract should be composed of the terms of employment as agreed between the employer and the employee. The contract is entered for a specific period or for an indefinite period, which can be terminated on notice. The contract should be in writing and must be in line with the Bahrain labor laws; otherwise, it will be null and void (Russell, 2010). Termination: An employment co ntract is automatically terminated if the prescribed duration elapses. The contract may, however, be renewed. If it was for an indefinite period, the contract should be terminated with at least 30 days’ notice given to the employee. On termination of the contract, the employer should pay the statutory compensation to the employee if there is any. It is against the law to terminate the contract of a female employee based on marriage, pregnancy or maternity leave (Information Affairs Authority, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Labor Law and Policies in Bahrain and Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Labor Laws and Policies in Turkey Turkish labor laws have been reviewed regularly as the working conditions keep changing. For instance, there is a recently enacted labor law that addresses the issue of maternity leave for women employees. In Turkey, a mother has the right to be granted maternity leave. The leave should be at least eight weeks before the date of delivery. After delivery, the mother is then given an extra eight weeks leave, and an extra two weeks in case she gives birth to more than one baby. The mother is obliged to give a report from her doctor to the manager, indicating that the baby is under no risk if she wishes to work during the days before delivery. Upon submission of the report, the mother can work until three weeks to delivery. After delivery, the mother can request an extra leave, which can be granted for up to 6 months. Upon resuming job, the mother is granted one and a half hours daily for one year. She is on full pay during the whole leave period (Çektir, 2008).  Regarding wage, there has been a commission in Turkey that addresses the issue of the minimum wage. The minimum wage for the Turkish employees, according to the commission, has been determined to be 978, 75 TRY for the first half of 2013 and 1021, 51 TRY for the second half of the year (Iskanunu, 2013). All employees are entitled to equal pay. Employees should not be discriminated based on sex, gender, religion, or political affiliation (Agartan, 2010). Concerning work conditions, an employee is supposed to work for up to 45 hours per day, according to the reviewed Turkish labor law. The hours should be distributed equally among the working days. In case the employee works for extra hours, they should be paid as overtime hours. For each overtime hour worked, the worker is paid an extra 50% of his or her normal wage. Alternatively, employees can be granted one and a half hours of free time during regular work time for every overtime hour worked. The total overtime hours should not be more than 270 hours (Invest.gov, 2011).  Vacation: All employees should be given a paid leave for the official public holidays, as well as for the two religious holidays in the Turkish calendar. Further, 14 days leave per year is given for workers who have been in service for a period of up to 5 years, 20 days for 5-15 years and 26 days for over 15 years. The leave period may be increased depending on the organization (Invest.gov, 2011).Advertising Looking for assessment on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regarding termination, the contract is automatically terminated if the period covered elapses. Employment is only terminated for employees with a valid clause. For employees without a valid clause, termination should be done on notice to the employee. The employee should be paid all his dues on termination of contract or employment (Invest.gov, 2011). Conclusion Labor law is a wide topic that addresses the rights of employees. The laws differ from one nation to another. In some nations, the laws may have similarities. Over the last couple of years, laws have been reviewed to address the issues of women in a more comprehensive manner. Labor laws in the Kingdom of Bahrain and those of Turkey have undergone a series of changes to keep them in line with the changing working conditions and to ensure good working conditions for employees. Employee productivity is proportional to the working conditions they are subjected to thus the conditions should be favorable. References Agartan, K. (2 010). Turkey’s accession to the European Union and the Turkish Labor Movement. European Journal of Turkish Studies, 11(1). Web. Al Marzouqi, A. H. Forster, N. (2011). An exploratory study of the under-representation of Emirate women in the United Arab Emirates’ information technology sector. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 30(7), 544 – 562. Çektir, B. (2008). Turkish labor law: Maternity leave. Today’s Zaman. Web. Information Affairs Authority (2013). New labor law issued for private sector in line with public sector employment regulations: domestic workers to benefit. Media Center. Web. Invest.gov (2011). Terms of employment. Invest in Turkey. Web. Iskanunu (2013). Minimum wage is determined for 2013. Turkish Labour Law. Web. Neal, A. C. (2002). Social dialogue, industrial relations and labour law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. This assessment on Labor Law and Policies in Bahrain and Turkey was written and submitted by user Bobby Cohen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Should I Go to College For

What Should I Go to College For SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Applying to colleges is a rough enough process on its own. If you're interested in a lot of different subjects that don't necessarily mesh nicely together into one major, then figuring out what you should go to school for can seem like an impassable obstacle on the road to figuring out where to apply to. In this article, I'll take you through the same steps I, a student with multiple disparate interests, took back when I was looking at colleges to figure out what I should go to college for. I'll also go through how, as a well-rounded student, you can narrow down what kinds of schools you should apply to. The Dilemma of the Curious and Well-Rounded Student In his article on how to get into Harvard and the Ivy League, PrepScholar co-founder Allen Cheng talks about developing a "spike" to make you attractive to highly selective national universities. The idea of developing a spike makes sense for students who are both dedicated to being the best at one thing in particular and who are interested in applying to the Ivy League and similarly selective universities. If attending somewhere like Stanford or Columbia is your goal, you want to have one area that you really stand out in, rather than being well-rounded. For students who have grown up being told that being a well-rounded student is important, the fact that you probably won't get into a top national university by being good at everything can feel like the deepest betrayal. Now, I didn't know any of this information about not being well-rounded or having a "spike" when I was applying to schools. But even if I had known about this strategy, I doubt I would have opted for it, because it just didn't match who I was as a student. Rather than that picture of one ball with a spike rising out of it, I was more like a morningstar- lots of spikes going off into all different directions for all my different interests. A morningstar, or my different interests? Impossible to tell apart! If you're a well-rounded student not just because that's what you've been told you should strive for, but because you're genuinely interested in (and good at) multiple different subject areas, then figuring out where to apply for college can be tricky. It's hard to choose a school that's strong in the areas you're interested in if the most you can limit it down to is "probably not history?" I know all of this because I was once a high school student who had so many interests that choosing a school that fit those interests (and figuring out what major to select on applications) seemed unlikely, if not impossible. Despite this, I was eventually able to narrow down my list to the eight schools I ended up applying to and ultimately ended up choosing a school at which I thrived. In the next section, I'll go into more detail about my academic background and interests as a high school student and how that pulled me in different directions when it came to choosing where to apply to. The different directions of my interests, but with Ludwigsburg tourist attractions instead of academic subjects. My Academic Background and High School Interests For high school, I attended a good public school in the New York suburbs. Most of the students from my school, then and now, go on to attend 4-year colleges immediately after high school. Because I went to a high school where most students went to college and because my parents had both gone to college and expected their children to as well, I was encouraged to start thinking about where I'd want to attend college during eleventh grade. Growing up where I did also meant I was familiar with at least the names of a lot of Northeastern U.S. colleges (if only because I'd driven by them), but I did not really have a sense of what schools were strong in which areas. As a high school junior, I would likely have described myself as being extremely interested in the following college majors: creative writing, Chinese, music, neuroscience (or psychology), math, or something else I hadn't studied yet but might discover a passion for in college. For me, a perennially curious student, the question was less "what should I go to college for" than "what should I choose what colleges I apply to based on." Figuring out the answer to the question "what should I go to school for?" was particularly difficult for me since none of my interests seemed to mesh together well, at least not on a surface level. Being unsure of what you should go to college for is not an uncommon dilemma for well-rounded students. Based on my own experience, I think this is particularly true at public schools where if you qualify for an advanced class, even if it's not a subject you're particularly interested in, you take it because otherwise you'll be bored in the non-advanced version of that class. Case in point for me: going into junior year, I wasn't super into U.S. History (to put it mildly), but since we had to take it in 11th grade either way, I knew that it would be better if I took AP U.S. History than regular U.S. History. The far-off look of a man consumed by U.S. history. FDR Memorial by David/Flickr. Over the course of my junior year, I thought more about what I was specifically drawn to within each of the subjects I was interested in. This deeper analysis, which I'll go into next, is ultimately what ended up helping me narrow down what schools I applied to needed to be strong in (and what intended major I should put on my applications). How to Choose a College Major (While Still in High School) During the summer between junior and senior year, in between avoiding thinking about colleges and trying to get my summer homework done, I took some time to think about how much I'd explored each of the subjects I was interested in so far and how much it should affect my college search. Below, I've written out roughly what my thought process was for each subject. As you read through, you'll start to notice that even though I am interested in all five of the subjects, the degree to which I'm interested in each area (and want to make sure I can study each subject in college) varies quite a bit. Creative Writing How much have I already explored this? I have been writing creatively almost as long as I have been able to read, in one form or another. I spent the majority of five summers at a creative and performing arts camp working on and writing for camp publications (literary magazine, newspaper, yearbook, playwriting festival, etc); the last two summers (including the summer before senior year), I was a counselor-in-training and helped other campers with their writing. How do I want to pursue this in college? I would like to be able to take creative writing classes in college. I don't necessarily plan to major in it, but it would be good if there was a minor (or a concentration within the English major) Chinese How much have I already explored this? I started taking Chinese (Mandarin) in 7th grade, have continued through now (and plan to next year). I went to China sophomore year for two weeks with my Chinese class (which was an amazing experience). How do I want to pursue this in college? I definitely want to continue taking Chinese in college, which means any college I apply to has to have more than just introductory Chinese classes (since I'll likely place out of those). Ideally, I'll be able to major in Chinese and study abroad in China for at least some of my time in college, if I so choose. Music How much have I already explored this? Since elementary school, I have taken lessons in and performed in ensembles for voice, violin, and viola, both in and out of school. I also began composing and exploring some aspects of computer music in late middle school and have continued to do that through now (the summer before senior year). How do I want to pursue this in college? I want to learn more music theory, particularly for medieval and non-Western systems of music. I probably will play in ensembles of some kind, maybe will pick up a new instrument, so it would be good if I could do that I don't want music to be the only thing I study (so I don't want to apply to a conservatory), but the idea of attending a school that also has a conservatory where I can take classes (even if I don't major in it) is very attractive. Well hello there yourself, Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Wallyford/Flickr. Neuroscience/Psychology How much have I already explored this? I have been doing an independent research project for the past couple of years which has ultimately ended up focusing on the different ways brains of high school musicians and non-musicians interpret sound. I enjoyed the process of reading all the research on music and the brain and neural processing in general; I've also quite enjoyed the research aspect so far. How do I want to pursue this in college? Any college I apply to definitely needs to have a neuroscience major or minor (preferably major). I would like the opportunity to do original research as an undergraduate (rather than just running someone else's studies), but it's not a deal-breaker. Math How much have I already explored this? Since 7th grade, I've been in a two-years-advanced math class and have relished most of it; I will likely run out of math classes to take senior year because I already took BC Calc junior year. I became interested in chaos theory and fractals after reading Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton in elementary school. I also read Chaos by James Gleick as part of figuring out what I'd study for my independent science research project (even though I didn't ultimately end up going with it). How do I want to pursue this in college? I want to be able to take math and find what advanced mathematical areas appeal to me. I definitely don't want to go to any kind of engineering or math-centric school, just want the option to take more math. If it wasn't for how legible the handwriting is, this is definitely something I could have written about math when I was in high school. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What Should I Go to College For? The Verdict After sitting down and going through my main interests, I no longer felt quite so hopelessly well-rounded. It was clear that while I was interested in studying lots of different kinds of things in college (probably a good sign for someone who wants to go to college), there were certain requirements that mattered more than others in figuring out what I should go to college for (and, as a consequence, what schools I should apply to). Here are the distilled criteria I ended up using in my college search: #1: The school must have creative writing classes (at least a creative writing minor or concentration). #2: The school must have advanced Chinese (Mandarin) language classes. #3: The school must have music theory classes and some way for non-music majors to take music classes and participate in ensembles. #4: The school must have a neuroscience major or minor. These four criteria were specific enough to help me figure out if schools were not a good fit for me, yet not so numerous that there were no schools that would match all four. I ultimately ended up applying to eight schools: Yale, Brown, Swarthmore, Wellesley, Vassar, Oberlin, NYU, and Brandeis. And what about when it came time to choose a college major on applications? If a school allowed you to select multiple possible majors, I did that (usually selecting English/creative writing, neuroscience, Chinese, and music, in that order). If a school only allowed you to select one potential major, I went with "undecided." Even though we have warned against choosing "undecided" as your major in other articles on the PrepScholar blog, being interested in many things is one case where choosing "undecided" makes sense, particularly if your many interests are demonstrated throughout the rest of your application. As long as it's clear that "Undecided" means "too many interests" and not "no interests," it's fine to choose it, even when applying to highly selective schools. Since I mostly ended up applying to smaller liberal arts schools, the question of which program within the school to apply to didn't come up much, but when it did, I went broad. For Oberlin, I applied to the College of Arts and Sciences, not the Conservatory of Music (after ascertaining through talking to the college that I could still do music things even if I wasn't at the conservatory). For NYU, I applied to the College of Arts and Sciences as my primary choice and the Gallatin School of Individual Studies as my secondary choice- I knew that those were the two programs at NYU that would allow me to take the greatest variety of classes. So how did this all turn out for me? I ended up attending Wellesley College (a small liberal arts school), where I managed to pursue all of the interests I'd had in mind (along with many more). Specifically, I... Got 80% of the way to an English minor (including two creative writing classes) Took five semesters of Chinese and studied abroad in Shanghai Majored in music and got to play in various ensembles, learn the viola da gamba, and write lots of music Majored in psychology and got to do two different research projects Took two Math classes: one in multivariable calculus (meh) and number theory (so much fun!!) The Number Theory class I took fanned the flames of my enthusiasm for math (see image). How Can You Figure Out What to Go to College For? At this point, you've read through my journey from a well-rounded high school student with no idea how to narrow down her interests to a college applicant with clear criteria. How can my experiences help you, a well-rounded high school student with no idea of where to apply to, narrow down your areas of interest into criteria for schools? One thing you may have noticed I mentioned a couple of times was that I was primarily looking at (private) liberal arts colleges. Good liberal arts schools like Wellesley are strong in many different fields. They may not be as renowned for research in said field as Harvard or MIT, but they will expose you to a variety of different subjects through core requirements at a high level. Liberal arts schools, in fact, are the well-rounded students of colleges (if that makes sense). A definite drawback to liberal arts schools is their size- most liberal arts colleges fall along the small-to-medium end of college size. If you're looking for a larger school, then liberal arts colleges might not be for you. Similarly, most liberal arts colleges are private, so if you want to attend a public school, then this might not be a good option for you (although keep in mind that many top-tier liberal arts schools offer no-loan or low-loan financial aid). If for whatever reason a liberal arts school doesn't sound like the right fit for you for college, don't worry- there are other options out there for well-rounded students. Larger universities may have a wider variance in quality between different majors, but they also have way more majors than most liberal arts schools. The best national universities are not just strong in one area, but also have multiple well-regarded departments. For instance, when I was applying to Yale, the East Asian Languages, English, and Music departments were all well-regarded in comparison to similar programs at other similar schools. Make it your business to find out how a university stacks up in the areas you're interested in, not just overall reputation. And if they don't have a good program in the areas you're interested in, think hard before applying. Finally, well-rounded students who want to attend large universities or schools with more than one undergraduate college should consider applying to schools that allow cross-registration between undergraduate colleges. That way, you'll have options even if you end up in a specialized program. As an example of this, a friend of mine went to UMich for undergrad, intending to be a computer engineer. While he was there, however, he was able to cross-register in the music school and take music classes as well. He ultimately ended up switching over to become a music major and pursuing a career in that field. As a well-rounded student with diverse interests, if you're looking at schools with many different undergraduate programs and don't like the idea of being bound to a narrow academic path, make sure you only look at schools that allow cross-registration across different programs. In Conclusion Being a well-rounded student applying to colleges can be stressful, not only because it makes it harder for you to get into highly selective national universities but because it's hard to answer for yourself, "what should I go to college for?" My journey from a well-rounded high school student, interested in lots of different things, to a well-rounded college student, still interested in lots of different things, involved thinking deeply about what about my potential college majors interested me. I ultimately ended up attending a liberal arts college because that seemed like the best fit for someone with such omnivorous interests. If you're more interested in applying to large universities, make sure you research before applying to find out what schools are strong in your areas of interest. You should also keep an eye out for schools that let you cross-register between specialized undergraduate programs. There may still be some weeping along the way as you figure out what schools to apply to and what major(s) you want to look at schools for, but at least the tears won't be from frustration at not knowing where to start when it comes to narrowing down your options. What's Next? Want to learn more about the process of choosing a college major? We look at it both from the perspective of students choosing what major to put on their college applications and how to choose a college major more generally. Knowing what you want to study is only one piece of the deciding-where-to-apply puzzle. Learn more about how to make a college list in this article. How many schools should you plan on applying to? We help you figure out the right number of colleges for you to apply to in this guide. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. 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Atomic Bomb Cake Recipe

Atomic Bomb Cake Recipe Heres an easy cake decorating idea for a mad scientist party or just for fun. Bake an atomic cake! Heres what you do: Atomic Cake Materials 2 boxes of cake mix (red velvet looks fiery or you could dye white cake with food coloring)3 containers of frosting (or make your own)props and decorations (e.g., fire-colored sprinkles, fake trees)2 unopened 15-oz cans that will stack2 round cake pans1 round glass or metal mixing bowl (same diameter or smaller than cake pans) Prepare the Atomic Cake Use one of the cake mixes to make a usual round double-layer cake. Prepare the other cake mix and bake it in the bowl.After the cakes have cooled, use a knife to cut circles in the round cakes so that you can set a can in the center of the cake. Eat or discard the pieces of cake.Set a can in the first cake layer. Frost the top of this layer.Set the other layer on top of the first layer. The can will be in the center of this cake as well. Finish frosting the cake.Invert the bowl cake onto a plate that is the same size as the cake. Frost this cake.Assemble the atomic cake by setting the second can on top of the first. Frost the cans. Place the bowl cake on the cans. Add any finishing touches. famous cake Mad Scientist Cakes | Atomic Test Photo Gallery

How Attractive is the Keurig System in the Office Coffee Market Assignment - 1

How Attractive is the Keurig System in the Office Coffee Market - Assignment Example The data was collected from these test locations and from the feedback that was received from the office, as well as from the different facility managers in these locations. As per the feedback received by the Keurig company, these managers had mentioned that the OCS was considered to be a wonderful type of benefit, which they were able to provide the company staff and this created a better atmosphere in the entire workplace. Indeed the office managers were really positive regarding the performance and the benefits that the coffee machine placed by the Keurig Company since now they feel that the staffs enjoy the coffee breaks because of the in-house availability of the coffee. In addition to this, the company is also able to save valuable office time with the OCS machines, since the staff would otherwise be wasting precious time by taking coffee breaks outside the organization, at the nearest coffee houses. The flavor offered by the Keurig’s coffee machines was also quite acceptable to the staff since there was a total of eight varieties of flavor. Apart from this the marketing team at Keurig maintained that the use of the OCS coffee machines would lead to lowering the wastage levels of the coffee, that would have otherwise been washed off the drain due to the flavor problems, incorrect type of brewing, or because the coffee becoming stale. In addition to this, the OCS machines could be easily cleaned and maintained quite efficiently. The company also marketed what was popularly called as the K cups. Thus as per the company management, it was decided that the company would market and sell both its brewers as well as the K cups through its regional distributors to the offices. Thus the Keurig company was very successful in this market segment since there was approximately a total   1,700 of the OCS distributors and each one of them was able to achieve a whopping sales of $1.4 million.

Exploration of Essential Skills for Nurses Essay

Exploration of Essential Skills for Nurses - Essay Example Necessarily these skills include social perceptiveness, reading comprehension, oral comprehension, judgment and decision making, advocacy, compassion, excellent communication and observation skills, ability to answer questions and to work as part of a team, problem sensitivity, critical thinking, etc. Indeed nurses should be skillful enough to apply all of these principles of nursing in order to procure the highest possible excellence in their job. Nurses are to be sincere enough to avoid the subtle violation of the patients’ rights that are provided by these principles. Exploration of Essential skills for Nurses Introduction Nurses are the indispensable component of modern health care industry. A registered nurse must achieve all of the essential nursing skills and have clear understanding of the philosophical connotations of the principles in order to avoid the inclusive confusions. Necessarily these skills include social perceptiveness, reading comprehension, oral comprehen sion, judgment and decision making, advocacy, compassion, excellent communication and observation skills, ability to answer questions and to work as part of a team, problem sensitivity, critical thinking, etc. ... allenging skill that a nurse urgently should achieve is ‘decision making’ in which the nurses and the health care professionals, who are involved in caring the patients, are faced with several dilemma and crisis. Normally decision-making in nursing includes the ethical values and laws. But some the set of ethical values fails to encapsulate the unexpected situation in the patient’s condition, which often poses difficulties because of the emotional factors, beliefs, etc. Bukhardt and Nathaniel (2002) says, â€Å"It can stir numerous emotion laced with both certainty and doubt about the rightness of the decision† (p. 132). Emotion will need an extra concern in such cases in order to avoid the possible unexpected outcomes. Necessarily actions needs to be taken by the participants on the decisions made previously. But certainly â€Å"after acting upon the decision, the participants begin a process of response and evaluation† (Bukhardt & Nathaniel, 2002, p. 132). Indeed a health care professional or a nurse should go through four steps: articulation of the problem, Gathering data, Exploration of the strategies, implementing the strategies and Evaluation of the outcome. With the following decision making steps the dilemma of this nurse can be solved: a. Articulation of the problem, b. Gathering data, c. Exploration of the strategies, d. Implementing the strategies and e. Evaluation of the outcome. Social Perceptiveness and Perceiving the Ethical Concerns Nurses have to be socially perceptive and they have a good amount of comprehensive knowledge of the ethics and norms of the community in which they are supposed to work. According to Nightingale nursing should be based on the environmental and social adaptation. For her environment should determine the traits of nursing.

The Genre Of Documentary Photography

The Genre Of Documentary Photography In his examination of Lt. Col. Oliver L. Norths portrait, taken by Harry Benson for Life Magazine (1987), Andy Grundberg (1988) emphasizes the importance of the camera position, background elements and attitude of the subject towards a heroic appearance, even though the reality was somewhat different, visible in another, less interesting news photograph of Colonel North facing the full house of Congress. The juxtaposition of the two photographs makes one think of the kind of information photographs leave behind. Is it an actual reflection of the actuality or something more interpretable and selective? Putting this into the perspective of the pre-photographic history one could say that photographs are better representations of the historical events than say, paintings or drawings. Nevertheless this is not entirely true because photography can also be biased exactly as a painting using different capturing techniques, angles, and recently computer aided photo manipulation which makes everything so much easier to tamper with. John Griersons which is generally accepted as being the father of the documentary genre characterized it as the creative treatment of actuality. The first question that comes to my mind is why did he use the term actuality and not reality? For this we have to take a look at the definition of actuality. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary actual means existing in fact or reality. In my opinion reality is what you interpret and you think something is, and actuality is what it really is by looking at the facts. Reality and actuality are strongly connected and one can say that reality is what you perceive from actuality. John Tagg (p.172, 1988) argued that It is not a question of the struggle for truth but, rather, of a struggle around the status of truth and the economic and political role it plays. One of the iconic photographs that apply to this statement is Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother and the extensive debates around the truthfulness of the photograph. Is it that important that the photograph was staged, edited and cropped or not? The point is that even though it might be a staged photograph it still conveys the reality of the time. Lange was sent on assignment for the Farms Security Administration to document the poverty of the share-croppers. The story she associated with the image was not entirely true but it efficiently showed the condition of the migrant workers. It is arguable that the changes made to the original Migrant Mother photograph created the notoriety of the image (i.e. the editing out of the thumb, and the possible staging of the photograph). If we look at some of the other images from the shoot we can see clearly that at least one of the children is smiling. This could lead to the belief that Lange posed the two children with their faces behind her mother to hide their light heartedness. The final portray and the iconic image of the Migrant Mother is relating to what Grierson refers as creative treatment of actuality and nevertheless a reality for everyone who saw the image at the time. Another very well-known photograph which had a lot of debate whether is true or not, is one made by Duane Michals called This Photograph is My Proof. Duane admitted  [1]  he is gay in many of his interviews, so how can this photograph be true? He realised he is gay before his 20s and the photograph is taken when he was in his 30s thus leading us to think the photograph was staged. Tagg (p.16, 1993) argued that The camera seems to declare: This really happened. The camera was there. See for yourself. Ask yourself under what conditions would a photograph of the Loch Ness Monster or an Unidentified Flying Object become acceptable as proof of their existence? It seems that for Tagg the actuality of a photograph can only be proven by other means and not only by the photo on itself. The general belief is that photography is an objective medium able to portray an objective reality, but if we think about it one photograph is just one point of view. Just by changing the angle in which you take the photograph you can change its whole meaning. Edward Weston and Paul Strand were among the ones that strongly believed the mechanical nature of the camera is the most powerful argument for the truthfulness of photographs. In the book On photography, Sontag argues that (p176, To us, the difference between the photographer as an individual eye and the photographer as an objective recorder seems fundamental, the difference often regarded, mistakenly, as separating photography as art from photography as document. But both are logical extensions of what photography means: note-taking on, potentially, everything in the world, from every possible angle. This approach suggests that every image taken for artistic purposes or for recording purposes has a documentary quality. It means that even though someone took a photograph for aesthetic purposes its still a recording, but from another point of view. She further explains that the two attitudes underlie the presumption that anything in the world is material to the camera. If we could photograph the same subject from every angle by many different creative eyes we could end up with a series of images that show the actuality. Martin Parr had a different approach on documentary photography adding humour and irony to almost If not all of his photographs. He has a unique way of telling a story which is often harsh. His creative style is covered in irony, and this generates a very strong statement about society. His approach seems to be very close to actuality even if his unique style is very distinct. In her book called Documentary Dilemmas, Caroline Anderson (p.1, 1991) talks about Frederick Wiseman and his documentary film Titicut Follies saying that he (i.e. Wiseman) considered his films as reality fictions. Anderson (p.1, 1991) argues that Wiseman didnt want to be responsible for representing social actuality in an objective manner. He used the ambiguous term of reality fiction as an excuse to be able to classify his work in both documentary genre and as an artistic creation. Anderson (p.2, 1991) claims that Wiseman used the term of reality fiction as a claim upon film theory and not to point at the inevitable tension between actuality and film. Nevertheless Titicut Follies is still a documentary film. Elizabeth Cowie (p.22, 2011) referring to the recording of actuality in both photography and film, claims that two different predilections exist. There is the need for reality as a fact and the ability to review it, and on the other hand there is the need of rational knowledge, conveyed through logical interpretation. This idea reflects upon John Griersons creative treatment of actuality in a sense that a documentary creation has to represent the actuality but also to help the viewer see the reality which the creator wants to deliver. Looking at my own photographs for an example of Griersons statement I chose a photograph which shows a woman sleeping on the pavement between two bags that read A bag For Life. This photograph was taken a few steps from my place and could be a good example of the creative treatment of actuality. My intention was to articulate the fact that the woman was homeless but the reality is she can be anyone and anything and she just happened to enjoy the sunshine. A while ago I was asking myself if documentary photography is the middle ground between art and actuality. I was putting actuality, documentary photography and fine art photography in a hierarchy, fine art photography being on the highest ranks. This is because actuality on its own is not interesting, it does not have that spark of genius documentary photography and it does not have the creative approach of fine art photography. One of the best examples of how documentary photography shed light on the social injustices around the world is the Magnum Agency. Founded by Robert Capa, Henri Cartier- Bresson, George Rodger and David Chim Seymour the agency had, and still has, the purpose of chronicle the world through the distinctive eyes of each member thus creating a complete image of the society. Documentary photography indeed can be seen as a genre which binds the aspirations of photojournalism with the ones of photographic art, thus becoming a kind of bridge or grey area, if you like. The main characteristic of documentary photography is the appetite for social subjects that go beyond the simple story in the newspaper, becoming increasingly subjective but at the same time holding a grip to actuality and truth. For me creativity represents the fingerprint which the photographer applies to the raw actuality with the purpose of creating his own reality to share with the world.

Lvmh Report

Business Report of LVMH Group members: Rining Mutang Beili Yin 10130350 10153456 10095036 Sekit Chubuppakarn Xu Yang 10095786 10136050 Mahsa Tolou Sharifi 0 Executive summary LVMH, the world s largest luxury group, came into being with the mergers of Moet Hennessy and Louis Vuitton in 1987. Besides its traditional strengths in wines & cognac and leather & fashion goods, other three are perfumes & cosmetics, watches & jewelry and selective retailing. In the external environment of part two, the report analyzed the relevant dimensions of the macro environment by use of the PESTEL framework and the luxury industry by the Five forces framework.The global economy, people s expectations on luxury goods, drive for technological application, rarity of raw materials, and intellectual property laws all have an impact on LVMH in a broad sense. In a narrower sense, market entry into the luxury sector is defined low, threat of substitutes neutral (low to loyal customers but high to those who norm ally cannot afford), the power of suppliers, the power of buyers and competitive rivalry all high. Generally the luxury industry can be regarded as in the shake-out stage; owever, people in the US, wealthy European countries and different Asian countries are in the different stages of luxury spread process. Following the life cycle of the industry, the cycles of competition model will be illustrated to explain the strategic moves of LVMH and its two main competitors PPR and Richemont. In the strategic capabilities of part two, the report presented LVMH s physical resources, financial resources, human resources and intellectual capital. The Group s core competencies lie in four key elements and price. product, distribution, communicationIn the culture and strategy of part two, LVMH s corporate values and culture, and the cultural web in terms of symbols, organizational and power structure and control system are presented respectively. LVMH stresses on the creative design and quality 1 excellence of its products. At the corporate level, LVMH expands horizontally and vertically in both backward and forward integration. The Group s good corporate parenting adds value to the individual brand underneath it. LVMH s strategic direction can be defined as diversification, a combination of market penetration, product development and market development.The Group s current product portfolio, as diversified as over 50 brands, is shaped by Bernald Arnault s constant acquisitions. LVMH s mission is to let art travel around the world, but due to its price mark-up, the country it enters should have sufficient customers who can afford the LVMH products. Therefore, the Group s international strategy more follows the people of high income than particular countries. The way LVMH chooses to enter a foreign market is usua lly by acquisitions of reputational domestic brands.At the business level, we mainly present the strategy of Louis Vuitton, the star brand under LVMH, which account s for 60 per cent of the Group s revenue. Louis Vuitton differentiates itself by four approaches stick firmly to the full price, pick store locations professionally, control the production strictly, and manage its own inventory. Innovation and entrepreneurship are fundamental drivers in today s economy, even for well-established MNCs like LVMH. Vigorous product and process innovation contributes to LVMH s long-standing success.The challenge for entrepreneurs at the maturity stage is to keep their passion and momentum to create new growth for the company. However, this doesn t seem a problem for Bernald Arnault, who has been the CEO of LVMH since 1988. 2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. The strategic position 2. 1 External environment 2. 1. 1 The macro environment: PESTEL framework a. Economic b. Socio-cultural c. Technological d. Environmental e. Legal 2. 1. 2 Sources of competition: Five forces framework a. The threat of entry b. The threat of substitutes c. The power of supp liers d. T he power of buyers e. Competitive rivalry 2. 1. Life cycle of the industry 2. 1. 4 Cycle of competition Strategic capabilities 2. 2. 1 Resource categories a. Physical resources b. Financial resources c. Human resources d. Intellectual capital 2. 2. 2 Core competencies 2. 2 2. 3 Culture and strategy 2. 3. 1 Corporate values and culture 2. 3. 2 The cultural web a. Symbols b. Organizational structure and power structure c. Control system 3. Strategic choices 3. 1 Corporate level strategy 3. 1. 1 Value-added by corporate parenting 3. 1. 2 Diversification 3. 1. 3 Portfolio management 3 International strategy 3. 2. 1 Market entry strategy and entry mode 3. . 2 Market selection 3. 2. 3 Difficulty of imitation 3. 2. 4 Drivers for internationalisation 3. 3 Business level strategy 3. 4 Innovation and entrepreneurship 3. 4. 1 Product and process innovation 3. 4. 2 LVMH s Diffusion S-curve 3. 4. 3 Portfolio of Innovation Options 3. 4. 4 Entrepreneurship 3. 2 4. Conclusion 4 1. Introduction Moet Hennessy and Louis Vuitton merged in 1987 forming the incumbent luxury goods conglomerate LVMH (LVMH, 2010). The Group s First Half 2010 Interim Report announced double-digit revenue growth rate in all the five business lines that LVMH is active in: Wines and spirits Fashion and leather goods Perfumes and cosmetics Watches and jewelry Selective retailing There is no other sector like luxury that the higher the price the more customers desire will be. This is because luxury is a package of tangible product and intangible benefits like emotional satisfaction from others admiration and respect (Okonkwo, 2007). Due to its existing presence in the industry, LVMH is getting through the economic turmoil comparatively well, which is largely driven by the strong momentum of its Louis Vuitton brand (The Economist, 2009).The Group s latest move will be expanding into LVMH hotel management of the Cheval Blanc brand in Egypt and Oman. This initiative was mainly driven by the demand from its cur rent customers for luxurious travel experiences (Socha, 2010). 2. The strategic position 2. 1 External environment 2. 1. 1 The macro environment: PESTEL framework a. Economic Global economies have been recovering with uncertain fact ors still existing. However, due to its established global presence, LVMH s outlook is positive, both in the major markets developed countries where its leadership position has been firmly secured 5 ver decades and where people s pursuit for quality luxury is believed to continue; and in emerging markets where the Group s solid foundations has been established and expansion will be accelerated at the right timing (LVMH, 2010). In spite of the economic downturn, the Group has been benefiting from the s trong growth in Asia and resilience in Europe. Recessions come and go, but some individuals are always willing to spend on luxury goods like handbags and watches, which in return pay them back in quality life and admiration from friends (Hazlett, 2004).No m atter good or bad economy, it does not have much impact on the spending of those really rich elites. However, according to Bernstein Research, the rapid growth of luxury goods industry is primarily being driven by the strong demand from the middle class, who account for almost 60 per cent of the total sales (The Economist, 2009). With a quite large and fast growing discretionary income, those affluent middle class have a quite positive attitude towards luxury goods, the quality of which is their first requirement of purchasing (Chevalier & Lu, 2010). . Socio-cultural According to Chevalier and Lu (2010), many luxury goods will be tailored to Asian preference specifically. The underlying reason of Asians affection towards luxury is social order transformation in many Asian countries. A person s social status is no longer rigidly decided by birth and his or her family background, but based on how much wealth the person possesses. Even though a person was born in a humble background, h e or she has opportunities to climb up the ladder and make enough money to reach certain social status.Then question comes how to turn the wealth in the bank account into something more noticeable and measurable so that can win respect from others. The influx of western luxury brands with outstanding logos and worldwide recognition seems perfect solution to many Asian new rich ( Chadha & Husband, 2006). In contemporary Asia, luxury brands are wearable symbols of identity and social status, while in the US and European countries, consumers are relatively more sophisticated and the luxury goods are regarded as a kind of lifestyle (Okonkwo, 2007). The socio-cultural challenge for LVMH would be how to keep a 6 alance between different markets where expectations from its products are different. c. Technological Technology is supposed to post a significant challenge on every aspect of the luxury industry, from raw material sourcing to strategy development. In the past decade, there has be en many business applications related to ICT (Information and Communication Technology) such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products). All these common databases can help to make things smoother for process flow inside the supply chain.In this way, the data regarding the market conditions could be analyzed and passed on more effectively and rapidly, also it will be possible to predict the demands of consumers with higher accuracy, the latest designs and prototypes would be able to be proposed at a quicker rate, and there will be reduced lead time when it comes to the releasing of latest products. When luxury brand companies are fully integrated into ICT systems, it may very well help them to create and come up with fresh competitive advantages. Besides that, the organization will also achieve a greater balance in terms of efficiency and cost (Okonkwo, 2010). . Environmental LVMH s success is hugely based on their sales from their luxury bra nds. In this market, luxury brands are a massive intangible asset, therefore the perceptions and image that is perceived by the public can greatly influence the values of the brand. This is an important issue that LVMH need s to monitor closely. If LVMH wants to maintain and also improve the reputation of their brands, the company should focus on vital components that have already been implemented by many luxury brand companies, which is the Corporate Social Responsibility of environmental protection (LVMH, 2009). 7 e.Legal The Louis Vuitton brand is the most frequently counterfeited one in the luxury category (Chadha & Husband, 2006). The company has 40 lawyers and 250 investigators and spends approximately $18 million every year on combating counterfeiting. The issue is particularly serious in China, where most of the faked products come from and the protection for intellectual property rights is weak (Okonkwo, 2007). However, the China Government has shown its efforts to take thi s issue seriously by approving new laws, raiding on the counterfeiting factories and closing some notorious markets flooded with faked products. . 1. 2 Sources of competition: 5 forces framework a. The threat of entry With help of the Internet, it is possible for a brand to achieve global awareness and credibility within five years. The ever increasing global mobility through business trips and travel also contributes to the rapid expansion of the luxury market. At current stage, entry into this industry is relatively easy (Okonkwo, 2007), especially in the emerging markets where the brand war for market share is still fiercely ongoing. b.The threat of substitutes Due to the low copy cost and easiness to sell, luxury brands are widely counterfeited. It is estimated that over 80 per cent of the faked products are from Asia, particularly from China, and then distributed worldwide (Chadha & Husband, 2006). With the improving technology and workers skills in China, the quality of counte rfeit products are not so obviously inferior to the original ones as they used to be. Moreover, the worldwide distribution chain is getting more and more sophisticated despite the combat of the government and the luxury brands. c.The power of suppliers When it comes to the production of luxury products, there is high level of quality and exclusive designing involved which are the main factors for success and attracting 8 customers. In order to accomplish this, the organization needs the combination of highly trained workers and also premium and only top notch input materials when they create, produce, and market the product. In the case of LVMH, they need to establish and maintain tight relationship with their suppliers to ensure that they always receive high quality materials and designs (LVMH, 2010).Besides that in the luxury goods market, luxury apparel and accessories have been categorized by factors such as exquisite craftsmanship together with high quality and design, therefor e the producer of the brand cannot outsource the production processes to other countries other than the original country from which the product was recognized internationally. This is why, the power of suppliers in the luxury goods market can be classified as medium to high, depending on how much input that is received by LVMH. . The power of buyers In the case of LVMH, their buyers are the many retailers in the market which can range from small to large companies. The market players in this sector are the manufacturers such as LVMH. The buyers can push for a strong bargaining position when there are more and more players in the retail market. This industry that LVMH are involved in can offer a wide range of fashion products and also, a wide range of functional classes within the market such as styles, material, logos, and so on.When a particular brand has become a strong and well known brand, the power of buyers will be decreased and retailers have no choice but to provide the wish es of the end user. Besides that, a new trend that has been popular with some major companies who started erecting their own stores, which is known as forward integration (Chadha & Husband, 2006) . e. Competitive rivalry Some of the big conglomerates that are the competitors of LVMH in the global luxury goods industry are the Channel Group from USA, the PPR Group from France, the Burberry Group from UK, the Polo Group and Richemont from Switzerland.These 9 c e es e e c s e y c ce ec s ec s e s. e y ec ec e se ve ey e s ve ey y. ee c s e e e e ee s e s ec s s c s c e es e e ce c & s e s es e c e s es j ye s ve y c ye s s s e e e s. y c ve e es s ee y eve y e e ee s es ec e 2006 . 2 1 3 Lif cycl of th indust y The v y s chas s y s ese . e e y c s es y has ee shifte to appreciation for the product quality rather than a sense of pleasure from merely showing off. The new environment is becoming harder for some short-sighted companies to make long-term profit by just offering easy-to-sell products with historically fancy brand names (The Economist, 2009).Based on the characteristics of increasing rivalry, slower growth and some players e isting (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2010), the luxury goods industry can be defined as in the shake-out stage. However, customers preference shift will not have a negative influence on the LV H, as quality, innovation and creativity have always been the long-term focus of the Group (The Economist, 2009). St St 1 Subju tion 2 St Sho off 3 St 4 Fit in St 5 St t of mon y W y of lif Indi Chin Tai an / South Ko a Hon Kon / Sin apo 10 Japan / US / W althy Eu op an count i s The spread of luxury can be illustrated in five processes.People in the US, wealthy European countries and different Asian countries are in the different stages of viewing luxury For Indians, affluent elites are the customers of luxury while the majority are buying mass products With Chinas booming economy, an increasing number of people are able to afford luxury, which is used as symbols of their social status For Taiwan and South Korea, since their earlier exposure to western brands after the economies took off in early 1990s, people buy luxury goods more for fitting into their lives than just showing off; Hong Kong and Singapore are even further on their way o integrate luxury as a way of life, like the US, wealthy European countries and Japan (Chadha & Husband, 2006). 2 1 4 Cycl of comp tition LV H Ent ant 11 Moet Hennessy and Louis Vuitton s merger into LVMH in 1987 inspired the establishments of two other French conglomerates PPR and Richemont. The three companies are generally referred as the big three in the luxury industry (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008). PPR is not as pure a luxury company as LVMH, as it has other businesses like department stores and book and consumer electronics retailing.Since margins in the luxury market are more attractive, it is very likely that PPR will sell the other non-luxury businesses (The Economist, 2006) . Compared with LVMH, Richemont is more relying on the watch and jewelry sector, which is the most severely affected category in case of economic crisis (The Economist, 2009). LVMH s traditional strengths are in its wine & cognac and fashion & leather goods lines. With Bernald Arnault s acquisition strategy, the Group has been kept expanding into other business lines and international markets.It can be expected that the war between the big three will be how smartly they deploy diversified brands in the future. World-renowned but still independently run brands like Armani, Chanel and Hermes are very likely to be the next targets. 2. 2 Strategic capabilities 2. 2. 1 Resource categories a. Physical resources By 30 June 2010, LVMH has 2,468 retail stores worldwide, a 4. 1% expansion rate on the previous year (LVMH, 2010). Inner decoration of the stores reflects the LVMH traditions and the emotional buzz offer customers unique experience of purchasing luxury and the attention they need ( Chevalier & Lu, 2010) .Unlike some of its competitors, LVMH insists on the high standard of its store decor and product display like everywhere else when it approaches the Chinese market, where counterfeiting is big problem (The Economist, 2009). 12 b. Financial resources LVMH s long-term strategies of building the heritage culture and brand loyalty support the sustainability of financial management performance of the organization. In the regression year 2009, LVMH, which are luxury goods, generally, supposes to have a big effect by low confidence of consumer spending. However, in 2 009, there was just only slight decrease (0. % in revenue and 7. 6% for the profit) in the revenue and profit for LVMH compared to that of 2008 (LVMH, 2009). Furthermore, in the first half of 2010, LVMH can pick up the advantages of economy recovery and perform very well. The revenue and the profit of LVMH were 9,099 and 1816 million Euros, which significantly rise 16% and 33%, respectively, compared to the same period in (LVMH, 2010). There is also the dramatic decrease in the cost of financial debt by 27% compare to the same period in 2009 (LVMH, 2010. ). The fixed assets (tangible and intangible) of LVMH are worth 20. 2 billion in 2010 (LVMH, 2010).Moreover, As of June, 30, 2010, LVMH s credit facilities went over 3. 9 billion Euros which 3. 8 billion Euros w ere the undrawn amount (available) (LVMH, 2010. ). LVMH can confidentially continue to invest in the potential projects with these large financial resources. c. Human resources LVMH used to adopt human resource policy applied to every individual country, but from early 1990s, the Group found having a global standard HRM system helped it to achieve higher effectiveness and efficiency. This new approach, regarding human talent as a world pool, creates an international working environment for LVMH.Besides the requirement of matching with LVMH s corporate culture, the more important determining factor in recruitment has become whether the candidates can bring about something new to the company (Business Europe, 1993). The common HR rules encourage cross-border mobility (normally once every five years) that is important career path within LVMH. Moreover, LVMH has been involved in the partnership with top education institutes in order to bring the potential talents into the organization (LVMH, 2010). 13 d. Intellectual capital Building a luxury brand is a complicated task more han just catching people s attention. The success formula of brand building by Bernard Arnault, LVMH s CEO, is unique positioning of the brand building on its history and the right designers to express the brand values, plus strict quality and distribution control and creation of marketing buzz (Chevalier & Lu, 2010). 2. 2. 2 Core competencies According to Bernald Arnault, CEO of LVMH, high quality of the products, strong appeal of the brands, and rigorous activities of the Group are LVMH s main advantages that make it stand out and s ecure market share (Business Wire, 2010).There are four key elements of LVMH s success formula product, distribution, communication and price. LVMH has done a fantastic job on the first three elements supporting the high-end price which identifying the extreme value of the product and differentiate its brand from the others. For decades LVMH's formula has worked amazingly: customers are seduced by beautiful status-symbols, perfect shops and clever advertising (The Economist, 2009). 2. 3 Culture and strategy 2. 3. Corporate values and culture Corporate values, usually written down as statements, are the most visible reflections of a company s mission and strategies (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2010). In order to generate the unifying corporate culture of the diversified organization, company need to provide the effective leadership, defining goal and creating the set of values and beliefs. It might be very difficult for the diversified multi-business organization which has many d ifferent businesses like LVMH to crate the unifying corporate values culture (Grant, 2005).However, with the great attempt, LVMH has successfully created the five values, which are respectively (LVMH, n. d. ): Be creative and innovate 14 – Aim for product excellence Bolster the image of our brands with passionate determinat ion Act as entrepreneurs Strive to be the best in all we do 2. 3. 2 The cultural web a. Symbols Louis Vuitton is most famous for its Monogram series. The delicate Monogram pattern was created to prevent counterfeiting at the beginning, but quite ironic that the series are the most counterfeited among all the luxury products.The over 100-year-old iconic series are varied by Mac Jacobs and other creative designers every season, coming out with new forms like graffiti, ch erry pattern, new colors and materials, etc (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008) As Bernald Arnault said, this is to protect the overexposure of the signature Monogram print (The Economist, 2009). b. Organizational structure and power structure LVMH group are originally French and most headquarters of the firm are in French. However, the organization strongly believes that multi cultural management needs to be applied.LVMH s kingdom consists of 5 main business sectors (as mentioned in the introduction) which each group is the combination of the young and old strong brands. Moreover, the independent brand management which translated from the unique culture of each brand help s organization to generate its typical structure and enhances the potency of individual brand (Gooderham & Nordhaug, 2003). There are more than 50 renown ed brands in LVMH s Kingdom and each company has its own president, CEO and management team who responsible to deal with its subsidiaries directly.Furthermore, the company has a decentralized structure which supports the growth and characteristic of Luxury brand and company also applies the autonomous management by geographic between each destination such as Europe, Japan, Asia and America. The organization structure support company s fast growth by enhancing the level of innovation, control power over distribution and promotional 15 strategies (Gooderham & Nordhaug, 2003). c. Control system LVMH is using the multidivisional structure to have a better internal control (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2009).Also, the decision to enter into the selective retailing market in 1999 supported LVMH to reduce the problems of distribution control . LVMH also supports each brand and employee with the autonomous management which allow them to enhance the level of creativity and adaptability management in different market (Gooderham & Nordhaug, 2003) . Moreover, Bernald Arnault acknowledged his success lied in his management techniques. He insisted on giving designers complete freedom from financial or marketing concerns to apply their creativity.But when it comes to the manufacturing stage, the process control system is as strict as militant to ens ure the Group s profitability (LVMH brand for success, 2002). 3 Strategic choices 3. 1 Corporate level strategy At the corporate level, LVMH s structure is different from a typical conglomerate. The group expands horizontally and vertically in both backward and forward integration. Horizontally, LVMH has well-established itself in the five main business lines by gradually integrating and possessing some strategic business units (SBUs) since the new group came into being in 1987.Vertically, it integrates a centralized laboratory for cosmetics research and purchases media companies for the best effects of its promotion (Rugman, 2005). 3. 1. 1 Value-added by corporate parenting Good corporate parenting can add value to a scope of businesses offering different products and services that may share few common resources at the operational level. LVMH s business lines range from wines and spirits, to fashion and leather goods, to 16 selective retailing.Each individual business groups do not have many common resources or capabilities, but they are benefiting tremendously from LVMH s corporate parenting, like receiving support in the classic brands and having creative designers involved (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2010). LVMH s Half Year Interim Report (2010) stressed the Group s priorities will be directed to the most profitable brands with substantial innovation and marketing support, namely Louis Vuitton, Moet Hennessy in drinks, TAG Heuer in watches, Christian Dior in perfumes and cosmetics, Sephora and DFS (The Economist, 2009).The economies of scale give the Group synergy benefits like being offered favorable prices for advertising, property leasing and credit card fees. 3. 1. 2 Diversification Diversification is a strategy that takes the company beyond its existing products and markets. LVMH has a highly diversified product portfolio, notably Louis Vuitton, whose momentum is strong enough to offset the Group s profit losses in other lines and keep the overal l revenue positive (The Economist, 2009). It could be regarded as a combination of product development, market development and market penetration (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2010).In terms of product development, artistic creativity and technological innovation both contribute to the Group s success, particularly in the cosmetics business line, which highly relies on the up-to-date R (LVMH, 2010) 3. 1. 3 Portfolio management There are over 50 renowned brands under LVMH s portfolio, each of which has its unique history and brand culture (Gooderham & Nordhaug, 2003). Among them, the most prestigious and could say timeless brands are: Chateau d'Yquem (founded in 1593) Moet et Chandon (founded in 1743) Hennessy (founded in 1765) Guerlain (founded in 1828) 17 –Louis Vuitton (founded in 1854) Acquisitions normally can alleviate competitive rivalry by reducing the number of players in the market and integrating them under one umbrella (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2010). Ber nard Arnault, the CEO of LVMH, is well known for his constantly aggressive strategy of acquiring smaller fashion brands with established reputation but less impressive business outcomes and incorporating them into the LVMH portfolio. In the next few years, LVMH is expected to take advantage of the recession and have more favorable acquisitions (The Economist, 2009).Brand power of the French luxury-goods conglomerate is enforced by reaching more customers through these acquisitions (Moffett & Ramaswamy, 2003). One famous example is the acquisition of Fendi in September 1999. When facing both tenders from Gucci / PRR and LVMH, the Italy-based fashion brand sold itself to the latter because of trust in the management capabilities of LVMH s executive teams. 3. 2 International strategy One of the famous global brands in the world is LVMH. Although it is not as big as TESCO, it is successful because of its groups. Its strategy is more flagship than TESCO.The strategy can be defined as an integrated distribution network. It is dynamically trust in many non- business foundations through competition world (Girod & Rugman, 2005). Structuring the bridge between traditions, modern, creation and innovation by supporting art in cla ssify around the world, is LVMH s mission (Preiholt & Ha? gg, 2006). It seems LVMH has two types of strategies. The first one is to impose increasing number of sales to make obvious for shareholders which there is a harmony between luxury products and four elements such as: eternal, contemporary, quick rising and making more profit.The second one is an opportunity of rising in future (Preiholt & Ha? gg, 2006). 18 3. 2. 1 Market entry strategy and entry mode The most important strategy which is used by LVMH is buying other famous company in luxury field. Market can be more controlled by this action. According to this strategy, famous brands were selected by LVMH. The most important points of selecting relates to the high quality (Ireland, Hoskisso n & Hitt, 2009). Three main things are noticed by LVMH managers. High price, more controlling strategy and arranging franchise are points to get the goals (Hines & Bruce, 2001).LVMH fallows to keep extending its market without afraid of hard situations for setting up the stores there. As an example in first attempt for entering to Chinese and Japanese market, it was not acceptable by people because they didn t have any idea about luxury products and they preferred to follow their traditional products but now LVMH has many stores around China and Japan ( Bloomberg businessweek: Louis Vuitton's Life of Luxury, 2007). As mentioned before considering all features of trading and ability to control them are reasons to be successful in entering to new market ( Bloomberg businessweek: Louis Vuitton's Life of Luxury, 2007).For example in Japan concerning about all elements is important for customers also in France value and to be modern is very important. So LVMH is considered in all of the aspects which are important for different countries ( Bloomberg businessweek: Louis Vuitton's Life of Luxury, 2007). 3. 2. 2. Market selection According to LVMH mission they need the strategy to enter to worldwide market. Their goal is enter to the market of many luxury purchases. Due to this goal they are looking for customers priority in different countries.According to this priority, the different product will be matched with customers need. Also they tried to find out that which costs can make customers happy which can be acceptable by LVMH mission. It means that they planned to fit the products and prices according to the market which wants to be entered. In another word, LVMH marketing managers 19 choose the products and adapting price according to capabilities of the country. LVMH as a luxury brand was limited to specific countries which has strong economic. The main problem for LVMH was, it is very dependent on some countries such as France, Japan and USA.Using financial ana lyse, make it up to date and controlling the market could help it to have a better situation than other competitors (Spulber, 2007). Creating the finance economics can organized by LVMH when it buy another famous company (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2009). Creating the finance economics can organised by LVMH when it buy another famous company (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2009). It was the only luxury companies that could survive from economic crisis which happened recently. According to the reports the income of LVMH in 2008 was EUR 17 million which showed the rising income compare to 2007 in range of 4. % (I am emily, 2009, November10). 3. 2. 3 Difficulty of imitation The main problem for some countries is their products can be faked easily but LVMH product cannot be imitated. LVMH is one of the 500 traders which entered to the international growth market. It is attended into worldwide leadership and differentiation strategy. LVMH based more on outside associate. To against with less legality and organized in other countries are in its nature. Its activity is beyond of having a competition with other luxury brand; it also wants to enter to the market which is risky because of any imitation industry that have no certificate can be trustable.LVMH makes more profit for industries which have license and other collaborators to attack to imitation industries, since they started to enter to global market (Spulber, 2007). Also they have their own distribution, so they can control everything easily. Although it has more costs for company but makes to be organized their kingdom easily. LVMH consider about the strong partners. Partners were chosen by the good quality (Spulber, 2007). With no doubt, Arnault can be named as a smart CEO to organise growing company with high benefit with ability to create new things (Wetlaufer, 2010). 0 3. 2. 4 Drivers for internationalisation The significant point for LVMH is that they look deeply into the drivers keys. The most important dr ivers for LVMH can be significant by innovation. Nowadays, new and modern products are more attracted than old ones. LVMH h as special luxury lab to work on innovation parts. In general speaking, rising for demanding luxury products helps LVMH to have more income because they concern about this point and try the best to be well known as an innovation company (I am Emily, 2009, November10). 3. 3 Business level strategyThis part will mainly present the business level strategy of Louis Vuitton, the iconic brand under LVMH, which accounts for 60 per cent of the Group s revenue (Hazlett, 2004) and has a profit margin of 40 to 45 per cent, the highest among all the luxury brands (The Economist, 2009). According to Millward Brown study (2010), Louis Vuitton is ranked the world's 29th most valuable brand, with a value of USD 19. 78 billion. Customers have a common mindset that they tend to invest in the products of best quality and value when they have less money, like a Louis Vuitton handb ag (The Economist, 2009).As Yves Carcelle, Chief Executive of Louis Vuitton , said Vuitton was always able to expand market shares during crises. Sustainable appeal of the brand lies in its differentiation-based advantage. Firstly, stick firmly to the full price to maintain the brand value. Louis Vuitton is the only luxury brand whose products are never sold at any discount. Secondly, pick its store locations rationally and professionally. For example, if Vuitton is about to open a new store in the department, its staff will set up a scale to measure the customer flows and pick the best locations based on statistics.Thirdly, strictly control the production in its own factories. On one hand, approaches in the automobile industry are introduced to streamline the procedures and costs and workers can be easily mobilized from one product line to another in case of demand change. On the other hand, there is high 21 level of quality control over the finished products. Fourthly, never grant licensing to outside companies and operate its own inventory. In this case, the Vuitton brand can be kept high-end and direct control over inventory ensures no space competition from other brands. 3. Innovation and entrepreneurship 3. 4. 1 Product & process innovation According to Amault the CEO of LVMH ( Group mission and values, 2010, n. d. ), LVMH s success is due to their long-term creativity and products innovation. It is obvious that LVMH has already put five things as priorities. Firstly, LVMH should be innovate and creative. Secondly, LVMH should produce the excellent products. Thirdly, LVMH needs to build up its famous brand image in people s mind. Fourthly, the leader should pay attention to the entrepreneurship and relationships. Finally, every employee in LVMH should ry their best to do everything. LVMH s Art de Vivre has already represented the western fashion. In addition, LVMH s products mix the tradition, innovation and culture value which give people a dream and pa ssion. 3. 4. 2 LVMH s diffusion S-curve It is clear that the luxury industry has been increased rapidly. Although people have large demand for regular retailing industry, the luxury industry also increased very fast. According to Amault (2009), in spite of the economic downturn, LVMH s sales have increased very stably. In the early 2010, LVMH s sales have already reached 4. 7 billion. The company also performed well in Asia countries. In order to stimulate consumption LVMH has changes their attitudes in luxury industry. For example, LVMH hired many famous designers to develop their products and avoid overexposure; these help LVMH reach a high velocity. 3. 4. 3 Portfolio of innovation options In order to face the changes and challenges, people should focus on the influence of the deployment of option patterns (McGrath & MacMillan, 2000). Therefore, LVMH s 22 success is the company largely subject to the scouting options.It is very difficult to catch the uncertain reasons like market, world s economic and politics. However, LVMH as a leader in luxury, the company has about 60 famous brands such as Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior and TAG Heuer SA. It covers like wines, fashion goods, perfumes and watches. Moreover, according to McGrath and MacMillan (2000), in order to face the challenges and find the potential markets, LVMH should pay attention to the scouting options and this way can be seemed as entrepreneurial experiment . 3. 4. 4 Entrepreneurship According to Time Magazine, Bernard Arnault is the top 100 influential people in the world.Because of LVMH s famous brands which include Louis Vuitton, Fendi and Dior, everyone have interesting with the chairman of LVMH and how the leader made the company very big. First of all, Bernard Arnault s kind of fashion was inspired from his creative talent. He brought his talent to the luxury industry and he has his own new vision in luxury market. This is why he can build his fashion country . Then, Bernard Arnault has stro ng entrepreneurship and business acumen. For example, in the 1990s, he began to expand his company and buy other luxury names such as Givenchy and TAG Heuer.Although many people criticized his business strategy, Bernard Arnault s LVMH has been the most famous luxury company all the world. Next, with the success of LVMH, Bernard Arnault began to raise his creative talent. Many businessmen don t pay attention to this. However, Arnault believes that a good luxury company should have many managers who love and better understanding of fashion and arts. Finally, Arnault has the ability to do the business rely on aspects like the creative and financial. He focuses on the creativity must be commerce and when he sells his products he pay attention to financial discip line. 23 4. ConclusionLuxury is a special industry, as the higher price mark-up, the more appeal to the customers. Although the US, wealthy European countries and different Asian countries are in the different stages of luxury s pread process, in the long run, people will be sophisticated enough to view luxury as a way of life. LVMH s resources are: physical high standard stores, financial sustainable financial management, human brand history and mobility-oriented international talent pool, and intellectual craftsmanship, etc. According to Bernald Arnault, the CEO of LVMH, the Group s core competencies are product, distribution, communication and price.LVMH has done such a good job on focusing on the f irst three elements to create an appeal so that customers forget about the prices. LVMH s corporate values and culture of pursuing creative design and sticking to excellent product quality are the foundations of its strategies. LVMH s corporate level strategy is characterized by value-added corporate parenting, diversification in terms of product and market, and excellent portfolio management. We can expect competition at corporate level in the future will be brand wars how to deploy different brands more str ategically.As for international strategy, origins of high income people rather than particular countries determine LVMH s entry into those markets. In most cases, the approach LVMH chooses to enter a foreign market is usually through acquisitions of reputational domestic brands. At the business level, the differentiation strategy of Louis Vuitton, LVMH s most famous star brand, is analyzed. The Vuitton company is trying to protect the brand value by sticking firmly to the full price, picking store locations professionally, controlling the production strictly, and managing its own inventory.Besides the three kinds of strategies, innovation and entrepreneurship are also important drivers for new growth of the companies. LVMH is committed to constant product and process innovation, and this is closely related to the entrepreneurial spirits of its CEO Bernald Arnault. 24 According to LVMH s 2010 fourth quarter report, the Louis Vuitton brand alone contributed over 60 per cent to the Gro up s annual growth, which demonstrated the Vuitton brand s potent ability to offset risks in a portfolio.However, the Group s heavy reliance on the Vuitton brand also worried some analysts that what will happen to the Group suppose the Vuitton brand loses appeal to customers one day. However, based on the evidences collected, we are able to believe the insight of Bernald Arnault, who is an optimist of collecting brands. Part of the revenues from the Vuitton brand have been used to support other smaller promis ing brands, which might grow into another Louis Vuitton in the future. 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